// function pattern
var myFunction = function(){return 'foo'};
console.log(myFunction()); // log 'foo'

// method pattern
var myObject = {myFunction: function(){return 'bar';}}
console.log(myObject.myFunction()); // log 'bar'

// constructor pattern
var Cody = function(){
    this.living = true;
    this.age = 33;
    this.gender = 'male';
    this.getGender = function() {return this.gender;};
}
var cody = new Cody(); // invoke via Cody constructor
console.log(cody); // logs cody object and properties

// apply() and call() pattern
var greet = {
    runGreet: function(){
        console.log(this.name,arguments[0],arguments[1]);
    }
}

var cody = {name:'cody'};
var lisa = {name:'lisa'};

//invoke the runGreet function as if it were inside of the cody object
greet.runGreet.call(cody,'foo','bar'); //logs cody

//invoke the runGreet function as if it were inside of the lisa object
greet.runGreet.apply(lisa, ['foo','bar']); //logs lisa

/* Notice the difference between call() and apply() in how parameters are sent to the function being invoked */