2019-11-05 Writing: adverbs, topics and conclusions

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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Vocabulary: Descriptive adverbs = adverbs of manner
- Adverbs that tell us how a verb is done:
	He ate quickly/normally/politely/hungrily/messily/noisily/healthily.
	She smiled creepily/happily/sadly/shyly/easily.
- Most of these adverbs are formed with adjective+ly. (Like usual, y → i .)
	(Exceptions: fast, hard, early, daily, late; good → well)
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p. 75-76 practice 2 - underline the adverbs of manner and circle the verbs they describe
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Some adverbs can describe either sentences or verbs, with a different meaning:
	Clearly, you need new glasses. - sentence adverb = the situation is clear
	You can see clearly with your new glasses. - adverb of manner = your sight is clear
	Sadly, she smiled. - sentence adverb = the situation (her smiling) is sad
	She smiled sadly. - adverb of manner = her smile is sad
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Topic Sentence: introduces the topic and the main idea of the paragraph

“In order to have a successful yard sale, you need to prepare well by following these simple steps.”
topic = a successful yard sale
controlling idea = you need to prepare well by following these simple steps
	(The controlling idea is what the rest of the paragraph will tell us about the topic.)
Variations of this sentence:
	If you want a successful yard sale, you need to follow these simple steps.
	If you follow these simple steps, you will have a successful yard sale.
	Follow these simple steps to have a successful yard sale.

A topic sentence for a how-to paragraph will usually refer to the steps you have to follow.
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p. 77 practice 3 - Complete the topic sentences for the other four topics.
2 It is simple to install new software if you follow the instructions.
3 Anyone can learn to ride a bicycle if he or she follows these steps.
4 To email a photograph, just read and follow these simple instructions.
5 You can learn to create a website by following these instructions.
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Concluding sentences might include the same information, but talk about the steps in the past.
	If you have followed these steps, your new software should be installed and ready to use.
It could also be a prediction about following the steps:
	If you work hard and organize the details, your yard sale will be a great success.
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p. 78 “Topic Suggestions” - Decide for every topic if a paragraph about it should use time order or listing order. Then choose three of the topics to write topic sentences.
If you want to get an A in English, you need to use these strategies.
Preparing for a job inteview is easy with these instructions.
If you want to make pizza easily, you need to follow the recipe.
To train a dog you’ll need to do these three things.
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Homework: make a list of at least five things you know how to do that many people don’t