2019-06-12 TOEFL: reading paraphrase, listening function

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: 3R14 (148) and 3R20 (152) about the readings on p. 146 and 150
(Finish it now if you didn’t at home.)
p. 148 exercise 3R14
1 b (“which can then be passed on...without...altering the DNA” - The DNA doesn’t change.)
2 b (not c - the histones aren’t tightened/loosened, the DNA is; not d - “histones” are an essential part of the sentence)
3 a (not c - doesn’t include the information about DNA or epigenomes; not d - the original doesn’t say “twins that have different lifestyles tend to live apart”, and the new sentence leaves out the essential information about the epigenomes changing)
4 c (good job!)
p. 152 exercise 3R20
1 b (preclude = prevent; “universal model” isn’t the same as “model of the universe”)
2 d (This doesn’t mention quantum field theory, but that’s not essential information in the sentence.)
3 b
4 a
5 c (It’s not a desire to describe how the basic elements were created, but to describe how they work in a model that also relates to the Big Bang.)
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On the test, it might be a good idea to guess and move on as soon as you recognize a paraphrase question. You can come back and try again if you still have time, but it may not be worth wasting time on a question type you usually get incorrect.
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https://newsela.com/ - The “Library” section has many articles about academic topics like you might find on the TOEFL. If you can’t understand something at the original (“MAX”) reading level, you can change to a lower level and see if that helps.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/ and https://www.nationalgeographic.com/ are also good sources for academic articles written for non-experts (and many of Newsela’s articles come from these two).
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BREAK
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Listening Question Types:
- main idea / gist (content or purpose)
- attitude/feeling/stance
- inference
- prediction
- purpose
- detail/fact
- function/replay
- chart/table (like a detail question with multiple parts)
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p. 364-369 give suggestions about function and attitude questions
- Sometimes “attitude” questions about a professor have to do with level of certainty.
- Feelings and attitude often depend on tone of voice and how someone says something, rather than what they say.
- Function questions ask about why a particular phrase or sentence was said. You’ll often need to identify rhetorical questions and polite/indirect ways of saying things.
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p. 370 - Listen to the lecture and take notes.
1 d
2 d (“like standing up for your rights” is an example of assertive behavior)
3 a (b and c are almost the same, which means they’re both wrong, because they can’t both be correct)
p. 371 - Listen to the conversation and take notes.
1 c
2 b
3 b
4 c
5 b (“speaking of” is to change to a related, but different, topic)
p. 372 - Listen and take notes.
1 d
2 c
3 b
4 b
5 d
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p. 375-376 - Listen and then answer the questions.
exercise 6L6
1 b
2 c d
3 a
4 a c e
5 d