2019-05-08 TOEFL: reading reference, note taking

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-does-the-stock-market-work-oliver-elfenbaum
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Homework: finish this article AND answer the questions in 2R3 on p. 70-71 of your book
Article:
That = the fact that there’s no guarantee the soil is exclusively from their loved one
	“That won’t be an easy sell.” = That won’t be easy for people to accept. It won’t be easy to convince them.
That = a small clientele
local vernacular =
suffused = gently spread over or through
foster = support, encourage, create
That = the fact that the ramp is a “blank canvas” for mourners to do whatever they want
frills = extra things (for decoration rather than practical use)
embrace = accept and want something
folks = people (informal/friendly)
2R3
1 c
2 d
3 b
4 b
5 d
6 b
7 c
8 c
	Usually, general information (“the body also requires calories”) is before specific information (“requires approximately 2000 to 2500 calories per day”).
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Take 15 minutes for 2R4. Then compare your answers with your partner and try to convince them if you disagree.
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BREAK
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1 c
2 b
3 c
4 c
5 c
6 c
7 b
8 d
9 b
10 b/d (The point is that “he” is Gandhi.)
11 d
12 b
13 c
14 c
15 b (“Neither side” means before the new sentence there’s a sentence about something with two sides. This sentence also gives more information about a hunger strike, whereas [d] is about Gandhi’s death.)
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It’s useful to get a book about vocabulary by topic, so you can focus on topics that aren’t so familiar to you.
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Listening: second section, 60-90 minutes, 2 or 3 sets (each set = 17 questions about 3 listenings, 10 minutes to answer)
Listening Question Types:
- attitude
- main idea
- fact/detail
- function
- inference
- prediction
- purpose
- complete a chart or table
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p. 88-89 has suggestions to improve note-taking in the listening section
- What signal words in a listening passage are useful to know what to take notes about? What signals help you predict upcoming information?
	introductory words: today we’ll be talking about, now I want to move on to, there are four main...
	sequence words: first, second, finally, then, next, another
	contrast words: but, though, however, nevertheless, on the other hand
- You should also try to note new terminolgy and information that is repeated or emphasized by speakers.
- Conversations are often about a student’s problem or concern, so listen to what the issue is and make a note of it. Be careful because sometimes the reason the student talks to the other person isn’t the same thing they end up talking about for most of the conversation.
- Many conversations and some lectures and discussions suggest what students might do next, so also pay attention to this information.
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When you organize your notes, you should be able to distinguish between main points and minor points or details.
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Take notes on the video about animals seeing in the dark. Compare your note organization with your partners. Did you organize them the same way? Did you catch the same main ideas?

Problem: hard to see @ night b/c not enough photos for photoreceptors
Solution 1: size - tarsier has big eyes -> collect more photons
S2: cat eyes reflect -> 2x chance to collect photons
S3: toad eyes are slow -> more time to collect photons (4 sec / image)
S4: moth eyes have < receptors -> more photons / receptor, but not much detail

You should recognize that the video goes over four different solutions to the problems, even if you didn’t catch which animal examples goes with each solution.
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Homework: 2L3 and 2L6 (p. 90-93)