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- Greg Malivuk
- gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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- Word roots (list 3) - Try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root
- ego (egocentric, egotistical, egomania) = self
- endo (endotherm, endocrine) = in/into
- epi (epiphyte, epidermis, epidemic) = on/upon
- equi (equidistant, equation) = same (quantity)
- erg (ergonomic, energy) = work
- esth/aesth (anesthetic, kinesthesia) = feel/perceive (Many words that start with this root relate to perceving beauty.)
- eu (eulogy, euphemism, euphoria) = good (There are many pairs of words with eu- and dys-.)
- ex/ect (ex-husband, exit, excavate, ectotherm, exothermic) = out
- extra (extraordinary, extrovert, extraterrestrial) = outside/beyond
- (The “tra” or “tro” root is also in “intro”, “retro”, and “contra”.)
- fac/fact (artifact, factory) = make/do
- fer (transfer, ferry) = move/carry
- flect/flex (deflect, reflection, flexible) = bend
- fore (foreground, forecast) = ahead/before/front
- (The same original root gives us: fore, front, first, pre, prim, pro)
- fract/frag (fracture, fragment, fragile, refraction) = break
- fug (refugee, fugitive) = escape/flee
- funct (function, defunct) = perform
- gen (generation, generate, genealogy) = produce/make/create
- (Related words that mean “family” or “type”: genre, genus, kin, kind)
- geo (geography, geology, geocentric) = Earth
- graph (autograph, graphite, seismograph) = draw/write / communicate
- grat (gratify, gratuity, grateful) = please (v)
- helio (heliocentric, heliograph, helium) = Sun
- hemo (hemophilia, hemorrhage, hemoglobin) = blood
- hetero (heterogeneous, heteronym) = different
- homo (homogeneous, homonym) = same
- hydro (hydrate, hydraulic, hydrophobia) = water/fluid
- hyper (hyperextend, hyperactive, hypertension) = over/excessive
- hypo (hypodermic, hypothermia, hypotension) = under/insufficient
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- Sometimes the roots suggest that words should be synonyms, but they have very different connotations:
- These three words all mean “before”+“say”
- prediction = the normal speculation everyone does about the future
- foretelling = a supernatural prediction (like what a fortune teller might give you)
- prophecy = a divine prediction
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- Reading Question Types:
- - vocabulary (The highlighted word in the text is most similar to which word below?)
- - fact (According to the text, which of the following is true?)
- - negative fact (According to the text, all of the following are true EXCEPT:)
- - purpose (Why does the author mention ______?)
- - inference (What can be inferred about ______?)
- - reference (What does the word “this” refer to in paragraph 3?)
- (Rare or discontinued question type, but the skill is still important.)
- - paraphrase (Which sentence best expresses the essential information of the highlighted sentence?)
- - sentence insertion (Where in the text should this new sentence go?)
- - summary (Choose the three (out of 6) sentences that express the most important ideas.)
- - organize/categorize (Put the information into the correct categories.)
- (Rare or discontinued, especially now that every passage has the same number of questions.)
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- Vocabulary Questions
- p. 2 of the Oxford book gives steps for answering vocabulary questions.
- You can often eliminate one or more wrong answers by following these steps, even if you don’t know all the answer choices.
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- BREAK
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- Cengage p. 50 exercise 2.1 - Explain what the words mean in your own words.
- Passage 1 - Take 5 minutes
- 2 steady, continuous
- 3 sunset (and the time around it)
- 4 basic
- 5 dim, not bright
- 6 garbage (the noun “refuse” has the stress on the first syllable)
- 7 walk around (very common together with words like “free” or “freely”)
- Passage 2 - take 3 minutes
- 8 take control of
- 9 course of studies
- 10 choosable (elective courses are courses students can choose to take), NOT required
- 11 emphasize
- Passage 3 - 4 minutes
- 12 group (close together)
- 13 fog or cloud, haze
- 14 bright
- 15 pieces left over after something happens (often after something is built or destroyed)
- 16 several (not a specific number, but it’s more than “a few” and less than “many”)
- 17 grieving for someone who has died
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- exercise 2.2 - Choose the best answers for each question. Then compare with your partner.
- passage 1 - 8 minutes
- 1 B
- 2 C
- 3 C
- 4 D
- 5 A
- 6 D
- “nothing if not _____” = It was definitely _______.
- 7 B
- 8 B
- 9 A
- 10 A
- 11 A
- passage 2 - 5 minutes
- 12 D
- 13 C
- 14 A
- 15 B
- 16 D
- 17 B
- 18 A
- passage 3 - 5 minutes
- Compare your answers and convince your partner of your answer if you disagree.
- 19 C
- 20 B
- 21 D
- 22 A
- 23 B
- 24 D
- 25 D
- “by no means _____” = “definitely not _____”
- 26 B
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- Homework: finish exercise 2.2 on the handout
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