2020-01-18 Saturday: 3 Water

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes.
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Homework: 1-2 test - If you put your answers online, send me an email to tell me your test number.
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p. 33 part 2 - In pairs, complete the sentences with the correct numbers.
1 70
2 3
3 46
4 10
5 200
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p. 34 - What is happening in each picture?
A - People are snorkeling or diving in the ocean with a whale shark.
B - People are rafting in a river.
C - A man is swimming in a cenote.
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part 1 - Which places are best for each activity? (Look these words up in a dictionary or image search if you and your partner don’t know them.)
kayaking/canoeing/rowing/rafting - These are all human-powered boats, but they’re different.
stream = small, fast river
reservoir = a (usually artificial) lake to save water for a city to use
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All of the activities in part 1 are “go” activities: go diving, went fishing, going kayaking, gone snorkeling
	(like “go shopping”, “go hiking”, “go dancing”, “go running”, etc.)
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You go canoeing in a canoe.
You go kayaking in a kayak.
You go rafting in a raft.
You go rowing in a (row)boat or rowing shell (if it’s a race).
You go sailing on a (sail)boat.
You go surfing or windsurfing on a (surf)board.
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part 4 - Listen to the people talk and decide if each sentence is true or false.
1 T
2 F - They were coming down from the rapids. = They had gone through the rapids already.
3 T
4 T
5 F
6 F
part 5 - What do you think happened? Listen and check.
1 b
2 c
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“We were going around a small island in the middle of the river, when suddenly we surprised an 18-foot-long crocodile. It was lying in the sun on the other bank. It jumped into the water about three feet away from our boat and soaked us all.”
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Grammar: simple past and past continuous

use/meaning:
past continuous - gives background information about what was already happening
simple past - gives “action” information about things that happened during the background activity

form: was/were + verb(ing)
+	I was studying. / You were working.
- 	I wasn’t reading. / You weren’t singing.
? y/n	Was I dreaming? / Were you sleeping?
	Yes, you were./No, you weren’t. / Yes, I was./No, I wasn’t.
? info	Where was I walking? / Where were you shopping?
	(subject questions: Who was reading? / How many people were working?)

Who did you call? (remember: did + base form)
Who called?
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Conjunctions:
I was eating when you called. / When you called, I was eating.
You called while I was eating. / While I was eating, you called.

I was cooking when you got home. = I was in the middle of cooking when (at the time) you got home.
I cooked when you got home. = I started cooking when (just after) you got home.
(I had cooked when you got home. = I started and finished cooking before you got home.)
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p. 35 part 10 - Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms and one of when/while/because/so.
1 I was taking a photo of the hippo when I dropped my camera in the water.
2 My friend fell out of the raft because he wasn’t holding on.
3 I saw some strange fish while I was diving.
4 I was having some problems with my mask, so my brother helped me.
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BREAK
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How much do you know about the Titanic?
- It was the largest passenger ship at the time.
- It hit an iceberg and sank in 1912.
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p. 36 - Read “Return to the Titanic”.
part 1 - Which question goes with each paragraph?
1 b
2 a
3 d
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Article Timeline:
1912-04-10: It left Southampton.
1912-04-15: The Titanic hit an iceberg and sank. Many people died.
(sometime) The box for the champagne disappeared.
1960s: Two US nuclear submarines disappeared.
1984 or 1985: Ballard and the Navy agreed to work together.
1985-09-01: Ballard located the wreck. They realized it was Titanic. They jumped for joy. They realized they were celebrating a tragedy. They stopped and held a memorial.
1985-later: He asked people to treat the remains with dignity.
(sometime) A salvange company removed objects. James Cameron visited the wreck. A couple got married. People turned it into a freak show. (generally: it changed)
2004: Ballard returned to see how it was different. He saw champagne bottles. He saw shoes. He felt the people were speaking to him again.
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Grammar: past perfect

meaning: things that happened before another “focus” time in the past
	(Paragraph 3 is about 2004. That’s the “focus” time. Anything that happened before 2004 is in past perfect.)
- This is common in narratives. The “main action” is simple past, and “flashbacks” or background are past perfect.
	He said that he had done his homework the night before.
	- “do homework” happened before “say”
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p. 37 part 7 - Choose the correct options.
1 had been
2 sank
3 was (It started being too late before they sounded the alarm, but it was still too late at that time.)
4 had disappeared
5 hadn’t located
6 had visited (With conjunctions that imply an order, like “before”, “after”, and often “because”, past perfect isn’t necessary.)
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(“already”, “just”, and “yet” are also very common with past perfect, just like present perfect)
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p. 160 practice 2 - Complete the sentences with the simple past and past perfect forms of the verbs.
2 had paid
  bought
3 hadn’t arrived
  woke
4 flooded
  had melted
5 had forgotten
  was
6 hadn’t reached
  hit
7 sold
  had sailed
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p. 41 - Read the blog post
part 4b - Which words in the post mean these things?
pouring = raining very hard
packed = full of people / very crowded
staring = looking attentively (with a lot of attention)
got there = arrived
clutching = holding tightly
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grabbed = picked up quickly
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part 4c - Use the words from the box below to complete these sentences.
1 raced (ran quickly)
2 exhausted (very tired)
3 boiling (very hot)
4 scrambled up (climbed quickly with hands and feet)
	(“scramble” can mean doing anything quickly and chaotically)
5 wandered (walked slowly and without a destination)
6 collapsed (fell “straight down”)
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Water lateral thinking puzzles - Ask the person with the answers yes/no questions to figure out the explanation for each situation.
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Homework: Write a blog post about a real or fictional weekend. Try to use both new tenses from today and some “interesting language” from p. 41 part 4.
	Also: read p. 39 and do p. 38 parts 3, 5, 6