#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;

#convert a hex number to base64
#base64: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64
#1.convert the hex into binary
#1.a)split the hex into groups of 3 digits (24bits)
#1.b)convert the 3 digit hex into binary
#2.split it into groups of 6 bits (4 groups for each 24 bit binary)
#3.convert each group into decimal (binary to decimal)
#4. encode each decimal into base64 (store the encoding in a hash)
#5.join the base64 characters
my $hex = "49276d206b696c6c696e6720796f757220627261696e206c696b65206120706f69736f6e6f7573206d757368726f6f6d";
#1.a)
my @threeDigits = ( $hex =~ m/.../g );
print "@threeDigits\n";
#1.b)
my @binThreeDigits;
for my $threeDigits (@threeDigits) {
    my $binThreeDigits = sprintf("%b", hex($threeDigits));
    push(@binThreeDigits, $binThreeDigits);
}
print "@binThreeDigits\n";
#2.
my @sixDigits;
for my $temp (@binThreeDigits) {
    my @temp = ($temp =~ m/....../g);
    push(@sixDigits,@temp);
}
print "@sixDigits\n";
#3.
my @decimals;
for my $bin (@sixDigits) {
    my $decvalue = oct( "0b$bin" );
    push(@decimals, $decvalue);
}
print "@decimals\n";
#4.
my @baseTable =  ('A'..'Z', 'a'..'z', 0..9, '+', '/');
my @base64;
for my $dec (@decimals) {
    push(@base64, $baseTable[$dec]);
}
print "@base64\n";
#5.
my $base64 = join("",@base64);
print "$base64\n";