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- 1139 The Second Lateran Council opens in Rome.
- 1657 English Admiral Robert Blake fights his last battle when he destroys the Spanish fleet in Santa Cruz Bay.
- 1769 Ottawa Chief Pontiac is murdered by an Indian in Cahokia.
- 1770 Captain Cook discovers Australia.
- 1775 British troops begin the siege of Boston.
- 1792 France declares war on Austria, Prussia, and Sardinia.
- 1809 Napoleon defeats Austria at Battle of Abensberg, Bavaria.
- 1836 The Territory of Wisconsin is created.
- 1841 Edgar Allen Poe's first detective story is published.
- 1861 Robert E. Lee resigns from the U.S. Army.
- 1879 The first mobile home (horse-drawn) is used in a journey from London to Cyprus.
- 1916 Wrigley Field opens in Chicago.
- 1919 The Polish Army captures Vilno, Lithuania from the Soviets.
- 1940 The first electron microscope is demonstrated.
- 1942 Pierre Laval, the premier of Vichy France, in a radio broadcast, establishes a policy of "true reconciliation with Germany."
- 1945 Soviet troops begin their attack on Berlin.
- 1951 General MacArthur addresses a joint session of Congress after being relieved by President Truman.
- 1953 Operation Little Switch begins in Korea, the exchange of sick and wounded prisoners of war.
- 1962 The New Orleans Citizens Committee gives free one-way ride to blacks to move North.
- 1967 U.S. planes bomb Haiphong for first time during the Vietnam War.
- 1999 Two students enter Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado and open fire with multiple firearms, killing 13 students and teachers, wounding 25 and eventually shooting themselves.
- Born on April 20
- 121 Marcus Aurelius, 16th Roman emperor, philosopher.
- 1745 Philippe Pinel, founder of psychiatry.
- 1807 Aloysius Bertrand ("Gaspard de la Nuit"), French poet.
- 1808 Louis-Napoleon (Napoleon III), emperor of France.
- 1850 Daniel Chester French, sculptor.
- 1889 Adolf Hitler, Facist dictator of Nazi Germany (1933-1945).
- 1893 Harold Lloyd, film comedian.
- 1893 Joan Miró, Spanish painter.
- 1927 Alex Muller, Nobel Prize-winning physicist.
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