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  1. proto-whatever
  2. SOV modifiers after, head final
  3. 3 genders - male, female, inanimate
  4.  
  5. [verb tenses] male female inanimate
  6. past perfect -bʲir -bʲar -bʲor
  7. past simple -pir -par -por
  8. present perfect -dʲir -dʲar -dʲor
  9. present simple -tir -tar -tor
  10. future perfect -gʲir -gʲar -gʲor
  11. future simple -kir -kar -kor
  12.  
  13. [aspect prefix] male female inanimate
  14. continuous (ω) bʷ dʷ gʷ
  15. delimitative (s)r l j
  16. inchoative (v) a e o (if not inchoative v = i)
  17. cessative (v) ai ei oi
  18. habitual (κ) p t k
  19. perfective (κ) b d g
  20. (delimitative - "[verb] for a short time")
  21. (inchoative - "to start [verb]")
  22. (cessative - "to stop [verb]")
  23. (perfective - action happened entirely (perfect - action happened entirely but with present relevance, or a present state resulting from a past situation.))
  24.  
  25. copula - verb: etsi
  26. parataxis: no pronouns, declension not needed
  27. ellipsis: add "krei" (also)
  28. reflexive: -eol
  29. reciprocal: -aot
  30. passive: OSV
  31. causative: dʲaer-
  32. comparative/superlative: X (more)/(most)
  33. coordination: X po(and) X (po X etc). if X&Y&Z and X&Y is more relevant group, X pou Y po Z ([[Fred] and [Bill]] and [Sam] came.)
  34. interrogatives: pli (where), pro (when), et (what), art (why), egar (what kind of), esi (how), esdʲa(how many), elek (who)
  35. negative: sar X
  36. anaphora: substitute with pronoun
  37.  
  38. [case] male female inanimate
  39. locative lei- lai- loi-
  40. ablative rie- rae- roe-
  41. allative sei- sea- soe-
  42. benefactive tri- tra- tro-
  43. possessive pii- pia- pio-
  44. (ablative: movement from)
  45. (allative: movement to)
  46. (benefactive: do something for X)
  47. nominative → possessive → locative → ablative → allative → benefactive
  48.  
  49. nominalisation: gʲoi-
  50.  
  51. [pronouns] male female inanimate
  52. 1S bʷel bʷal bʷol
  53. 2S pel pal pol
  54. 3S dʷej dʷaj dʷoj
  55. 1P tij taj tej
  56. 2P gʷis gʷas gʷes
  57. 3P kis kas kes
  58.  
  59. [mood clitic before verb] male female inanimate
  60. subjunctive siel sial siol
  61. conditional teir tair toir
  62. imperative piek piak piok
  63. jussive reid raid roid
  64. (subjunctive: opinion)
  65. (jussive: wish/hope/desire)
  66.  
  67. [articles] male female inanimate
  68. definate -ei -ai -oi
  69. indefinate -ir -ar -or
  70. partitive (some)sere sara soro
  71.  
  72. plural: -i/-ki (after vowel)
  73.  
  74. jobʷa ‣ to breathe
  75. jobbe ‣ pause for breath
  76. ibre ‣ take a rest
  77. itje ‣ to stop
  78. sige ‣ to be on vacation
  79. ropa ‣ to blow
  80. dʲeb ‣ to whisper
  81. sipre ‣ to speak
  82. rodʷa ‣ wind
  83. dʷoet ‣ air
  84. egpa ‣ life
  85. ikkar ‣ animate object
  86. igeol ‣ person
  87. ertar ‣ to think
  88. ejgʷak ‣ intelligence
  89. odika ‣ to feel
  90. todsiret ‣ mood
  91. tisar ‣ soul/ghost
  92. dʲite ‣ magic
  93. kribroi ‣ cave
  94. kipo ‣ hole
  95. gʲisi ‣ grave/tomb
  96. gʷiro ‣ ditch
  97. sibʷer ‣ furrow
  98. oil ‣ liquid
  99. jole ‣ water
  100. kased ‣ river
  101. gʷoret ‣ stream
  102. gʲeter ‣ flow
  103. kodʲis ‣ current
  104. dʲeo ‣ wood
  105. teor ‣ pole
  106. karo ‣ beam
  107. teror ‣ club
  108. saloi ‣ staff/walking stick
  109. tiker ‣ forest
  110. dʲeko ‣ tree
  111. dʷeoko ‣ plant
  112. tarig ‣ grass
  113. tigreo ‣ trunk
  114. sille ‣ stump
  115. si ‣ root
  116. ksae ‣ smoke
  117. kais ‣ steam
  118. kseig ‣ fog/mist
  119. se ‣ cloud
  120. koe ‣ dust
  121. bʷaej ‣ stone/rock
  122. peie ‣ reef
  123. aber ‣ hill
  124. apero ‣ mountain
  125. lapar ‣ top
  126. abʷai ‣ cliff/precipice
  127. bʲele ‣ jewel
  128. pira ‣ to decorate
  129. reak ‣ day
  130. lek ‣ light
  131. raka ‣ sun
  132. seok ‣ world
  133. arog ‣ time
  134. dʲeok ‣ season
  135. irak ‣ weather
  136. tiros ‣ age
  137. talois ‣ year
  138. dʷekero ‣ "hour"
  139. itora ‣ rain
  140. gʷasre ‣ spring/well
  141. kossar ‣ to drink
  142. idar ‣ sap
  143. aeke ‣ glue
  144. aslor ‣ land
  145. iser ‣ place
  146. alek ‣ floor
  147. asreo ‣ ground/soil
  148. keseor ‣ mainland
  149. koiterok ‣ country
  150. kotrep ‣ native
  151. kotser ‣ village
  152. atoj ‣ clay
  153. koter ‣ mud
  154. pojte ‣ swamp
  155. bʷare ‣ flour
  156. solek ‣ bottom
  157. dʷilek ‣ under
  158. gʷarek ‣ low
  159. eret ‣ below/down
  160. atri ‣ in/inside
  161. gʷlio ‣ chin
  162. kilo ‣ jaw
  163. ido ‣ cheek
  164. age ‣ face
  165. sagi ‣ eye
  166. tare ‣ forehead
  167. seje ‣ side
  168. tadʲer ‣ surface
  169. ali ‣ front
  170. saki ‣ appearance
  171. elie ‣ shape
  172. irit ‣ expression
  173. okto ‣ colour
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