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- Greg Malivuk
- gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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- Word Roots (list 1) - With a partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
- ab (abduct, abdicate) = away/down
- act/ag/ex (active, agent, executive) = do
- ad (advocate, addition, advance) = toward/onto (Many words that begin with ‘a’ and a double consonant come from this root, such as “afford”, “aggressive”, “apply”.)
- aer/aero (aerial, aerate) = air
- agri/agro (agriculture, agribusiness, agrarian) = field/farm
- ambi (ambidextrous, ambiguous, ambivalent) = both
- amb/ambul (amble, ambulatory, ambulate) = move/walk
- ami/amo (amiable, amorous) = love/friendship
- andro (android, androgen) = man/male (The complementary root for female is “gyn”.)
- anim (animate, animal) = movement/motive
- ann/enn (annual, millennium, anniversary) = year
- ante/anti (antecedent, anteroom, anticipate) = before
- anthropo (anthropology, philanthropy) = humanity
- anti (antibacterial, antisocial) = against (If something is in front of you it’s stopping you.)
- aqua (aquamarine, aqueduct, aquarium) = water (sometimes specifically fresh water)
- arch (monarch, hierarchy, archbishop) = first (in importance or power)
- archa (archaeology, archaic) = first (in time) / old
- art (artist, artifact, artisan) = skill
- astro/aster (astronomy, astrology, asteroid, disaster, asterisk) = star
- aud/audi (audience, audible) = hear/listen
- auto (automatic, autograph) = self
- bell (belligerent, rebellious, antebellum) = war
- bene (benefit, benevolent) = good
- bi (bilingual, bilateral, bisexual) = two
- bio (biology, biography, biosphere) = life
- cept/ceive (intercept, receive) = catch/capture (these also come from the same root)
- cardi/cardio (cardiac, cardiology) = heart
- carn (carnivore, carnal) = meat (if it’s dead) / flesh (if it’s alive)
- cede/ceed (intercede, exceed) = go
- cent (century, centimeter, centennial) = hundred(th)
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- Reading Question Types:
- - fact
- - negative fact
- - vocabulary
- - inference
- - purpose
- - paraphrase
- - reference
- - sentence insertion
- - summarize
- - organize/categorize
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- Vocabulary Questions
- - These always ask about the meaning of a word in the context of the passage.
- Cambridge exercise R1 describes different types of context clues that can help you with this.
- 34 B
- 35 D
- 36 A
- 37 boll wevils = insects that can destroy crops
- 38 carnivores = meat-eating animals
- 39 chronometer = marine timekeeping device
- 40 C
- 41 D
- 42 A
- 43 benign = not deadly / not harmful
- 44 thrives = does very well / prospers
- 45 viscous = resistant to motion
- 46 C
- 47 C
- 48 B
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- BREAK
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- 49 gentian = a type of flower
- 50 chanter = part of a bagpipe
- 51 alleviated = reduced (for negative things)
- 52 A
- 53 B
- 54 C
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- exercise R2 - Answer the vocabulary questions about these short passages in 30 seconds each. Then compare your answers with a partner and try to convince them of your answers if you disagree. Point out the context clues you used to reach your conclusion.
- 1 B
- 2 D
- 3 A
- 4 D
- 5 C
- 6 A
- 7 B (“notorious” is negative in English)
- 8 C
- 9 A
- 10 D
- 11 D (“exploit” is negative)
- 12 B
- 13 C
- 14 D
- 15 B
- 16 C
- 17 A
- 18 A
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- “score” has many distinct meanings, so you always need to make sure to look at the context:
- - sheet music (especially one that contains all the different parts)
- - music written for some specific purpose
- - number of points in a game or on an assignment
- - earn points in a game or on an assignment
- - scratch into a hard surface
- - twenty
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- connotation = the positive or negative associations a word has
- (denotation = the literal thing a word refers to)
- - You might have a word in your language that denotes more or less the same thing as the English word, but the connotation may be very different.
- - euphemisms (words with more positive or polite connotations for subjects we try to avoid) often don’t translate properly between languages
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- Often one of the wrong answer choices for a vocabulary question will be a similar word with a different connotation.
- (Collocations are closely related and have to do with what sorts of words are often used with another word.)
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- Cengage exercise 2.2
- Take 5.5 minutes to answer the questions about passage 1. Then compare your answers.
- 1 B
- 2 C
- 3 C (Both expressions are metaphors for setting up circumstances so something can happen.)
- 4 D
- 5 A
- 6 D (“it was nothing if not ____” = “it was very ____”)
- 7 B
- 8 B
- 9 A
- 10 A (This supports the sentence about the rivalry heating up.)
- 11 A
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- Homework: finish the Cengage handout
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