from collections import OrderedDict, namedtuple
from functools import partial

class Dispatcher(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.handlers = OrderedDict()

    def match(self, *args):
        def match_inner(handler_fn):
            self.handlers[args] = handler_fn
            return self

        return match_inner

    def on(self, *args):
        def on_inner(handler_fn):
            # We need an outer closure here as a reference to `a`
            # in a single closure would reference the last value of
            # `a` after the for loop.
            matchfn = lambda a: lambda v: isinstance(v, a)
            matches = [matchfn(a) for a in args]
            return self.match(*matches)(handler_fn)

        return on_inner

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if len(args) == 0:
            raise ValueError('No arguments to match on')

        for matches, handler in self.handlers.iteritems():
            if any(m(args[-1]) for m in matches):
                return handler(*args, **kwargs)

        raise ValueError('No handlers found for value {}'.format(args[-1]))

    def __get__(self, obj, objtype):
        return partial(self.__call__, obj)


# Simple example:

foo = Dispatcher()

@foo.on(int, float)
def foo(x):
    return "Got a number! {}".format(x)

@foo.on(str, unicode)
def foo(x):
    return "Got some text! {}".format(x)

@foo.on(dict)
def foo(x):
    return "Wow a dict {}".format(x)

print(foo(1))
print(foo(1.0))
print(foo('abc'))
print(foo(u'def'))
print(foo({}))


# Class Example:


Leaf = namedtuple('Leaf', 'l r')
tree = Leaf(Leaf(Leaf(1, 2), Leaf("3", 4.0)), [5])

class TreeVisitor(object):

    visit = Dispatcher()

    @visit.on(Leaf)
    def visit(self, value):
        return self.visit(value.l) + ' || ' + self.visit(value.r)

    @visit.on(int)
    def visit(self, value):
        return 'i' + str(value)

    @visit.on(str)
    def visit(self, value):
        return 's"' + value + '"'

    @visit.on(float)
    def visit(self, value):
        return 'f' + str(value)

    @visit.on(list)
    def visit(self, value):
        return str(value)

print(TreeVisitor().visit(tree))