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Heat Transfer The figure below shows a pan of water heating on a burner. How is thermal energy transferred to the water? 1. Conduction Fast-moving particles of the gases in the flame collide with the particles that make up the pan. This transfers thermal energy to the pan. Then, the particles that make up the pan collide with particles of water, transferring thermal energy to the water. Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter.