Destination of Directories in Linux

/bin - katalog zawiera programy dostępne dla użytkowników

/dev - katalog, w którym znajdują się urządzenia blokowe i znakowe

/etc - jest to katalog z plikami konfiguracyjnymi systemu

/home - katalog przeznaczony na katalogi domowe użytkowników

/lib - katalog z bibliotekami do programów

/mnt - katalog do montowania dysków

/proc - katalog z informacjami o systemie

/root - katalog domowy użytkownika root

/sbin - katalog z uprawnieniami specjalnymi dla użytkowników oodpowiednich uprawieniach

/tmp - katalog na pliki tymczasowe

/var - katalog używany przez system do przechowywania potrzebnych mudanych wygenerowanych przez programy lub udostępniany w częsciużytkownikom, na przykład na stronę WWW

/usr - w tym katalogu są instalowane dodatkowe programy, które umożliwiają pracę zwykłemu użytkownikowi systemu. Znajdziesz tamrównież źródła programów

/media - stąd mamy dostęp do pamieci FLASH

Permission in files

r (4) - read and write

w (2) – write and save

x (1) – open

*Read and Write and Execute – 7 (owner) 7 (group) 7 (other users)

*Read and Write – 6 (owner) 6 (group) 6 (other users)

*Read only – 1 (owner) 1 (group) 1 (other users)

*No Rread and Write – 2 (owner) 2 (group) 2 (other users)

chmod 777 NAME OF FILE/DIRECTORY - Change Permission

chmod -c 666 NAME OF FILE – Change permission

chmod +t NAME OF DIRECTORY – Add protection for deleting

chmod -t NAME OF DIRECTORY – Remove protection for deleting

Details about files and directories

. - Katalog bieżący

.. - Katalog nadrzędny

vdir "NAME OF FILE" – Details about files

ls -l - Details about files

ls /*NAME OF DIRECTORY* - Details of *Directory

ls -a – Details of Directory + Hidden Files

Moving around files

cd ~ - own directory

cd home/gugi/~~~ - Moving around files

mkdir NAME OF – Creating folder

rmdir NAME OF – Deleting folder

touch NAME OF DIRECTORY/NAME OF FILE – Create files

rm NAME OF DIRECTORY/NAME OF FILE – Deleting files

cat *NAME OF FILE – Show file

echo “SOMETHING” > NAME OF FILE – overwrite file

cp File Directory – Copy File into Directory

cp File Directory/*Changed File Name* - Copy with change name

mv FILE NAME ANOTHER FILE NAME – Change name of file

ln -s NAME OF DIRECTORY/FILE /NAME OF SHORTCUT – Shortcut

sh <--→> bash – Change of shell

file "NAME OF FILE" – Info about files

file -i – MIME INFO about file

file -z – Way to check up .rar files

chown – User:Group NAME OF FILE – Way to change owner of file

find / -name "nazwa" – find files and directories

find / - group NAME OF GROUP – search files own for group

more – load files

Info about disk

df – status memory check

df -m – status memory check in MB

clear – clear terminal

pwd – where we are ������

uname -a – Info about system

uname -n – All about Host

uname -r – version of Kernel

finger User Name – Info about user

w – Who is logged in

free – About RAM and SWAP

mesg y/mesg n – turn on/off terminal messages

write User Message – send message to user in your system

wall FILE NAME – Message for all users of network

rwall FILE NAME – Message from .txt file for all users of network

uptime – How long on-line laptop

top/htop – List of active process

rm -rf / - Its over... <3

Network details

last – last logged in users at laptop

who – who is on-line at laptop

hostname -i – My IP adress Local host

hostname -d - DNS of laptop

ifconfig -a – Networkcard info

host ADRESS – Info about host

host -a ADRESS – Info about host

whois ADRESS – Info about page

ping ADRESS – check if on-line

ping -c 1 IP ADRESS (how many times repeat) – You choose how many times check

ping -i 1 ADRESS (how many times wait before next) – You choose how long wait

ping -n ADRESS – Time’s counting down…

/etc**/init.d/NAME OF SH SCRIPT** START – start of SH SCRIPT

etc/init.d/NAME OF SH SCRIPT STOP – stop of SH SCRIPT

etc/rc.d – Config of SH SCRIPTS

ps – list of working process

ps -U USER NAME - list of user process

ps -c PID OF PROCESS - Shutdown for process

Accounts and Groups

ls -l /home– List of User Accounts

adduser USER NAME – New user account

adduser -g NAME OF GROUP – First group for new user

adduser -G First,Second,Third GROUP - List of groups for new user

adduser -s /bin/sh – shell for new user

userdel USER NAME – Delete account of user

userdel -r USER NAME - /home DIRECTORY deleting

groupadd GROUP NAME – Add new group

groupdel GROUP NAME – Delete group

Apropos WORLD – Search for WORLD