Sociology - the study of human social life, groups, and society
Sociological imagination - putting personal problems into a wider social context, the ability to connect to larger issues
Early theorists-
	• Comte - coined term sociology
	• Marx - disliked capitalism, cause of class discrimination
	• Weber - importance of cultural ideas on social change, economic effect, capitalism first developed in the west bc Protestantism
	• Durkheim - study of suicide and isolation
Neglected founders -
	• Harriet Martineau - study of women lives - domestic life - marriage children etc
	• WEB DuBois - AA sociologist - double consciousness - seeing self how others (whites) see you (inferior)
Symbolic interactionism - small scale - exchange of symbols
Functionalism - society as a whole - the contribution each social activity makes to society. Manifest vs latent function  - intended vs unintended
Marxism - power, class division, conflict, ideology
Feminism - gender relations and gender inequality
Postmodernism - world is diverse, unstable, uncertain, dominated by media, not improving in overall grand narrative
Globalization - interconnected world, single unified economy
Microsociology - study of small scale interactions, symbolic interactionism
Macrosociology - large scale social systems - gender, class, capitalism

Research process - 1. find research question
Park - qualitative studies
Ogburn - quantitative studies
Ethnography - field work, participant observations, interviews - Pro: rich information, Con: can't be used with large population
Survey - questionnaire administered to the population of study - Pro: can be used on large population, Con: questions oversimplify subject, people may lie on survey
Experiments - variables analyzed in controlled and systematic way, Pro: very controlled, Con: not as natural, social aspects can't be brought into lab

Mode/mean/median: most often occurring/average/middle number
Human subjects and ethical dilemmas- Milgram experiment subjects were not told the truth. Subjects now cannot be lied to in experiments. Tearoom trade (Humphrey) - lied about his identity and got subjects personal information by stalking them

Cultures - made up of values, norms, language, symbols, material goods
Values - abstract ideas about what is proper and good
Norms - dos and donts of society
Material goods - physical objects that a society creates
Cultural turn - "tool kit" we pick and choose what parts of society we follow
Subculture - group of ppl within larger culture that differ from majority in terms of cultural bg
Assimilation - culture absorbed into mainstream culture
Multiculturalism - equality of different cultures
Ethnocentrism - judging other cultures in terms of your own standards
Cultural relativism - judging society by its own standards
Semiotics - analysis of nonverbal cultural meanings: food, architecture etc
Industrialized societies - political communities w clear borders, under gov influence, ppl live in cities/towns
Colonialism -  occupying/controlling other country
Emerging economies - recently China, India, Singapore, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea
Global culture - shows and other american culture spreading, and backlash from other countries spark nationalism. Protect own values and traditions

Socialization - process of infant gradually becoming self aware over lifetime
Social reproduction - structural continuity over time, social class and traditions passed down
"Unsocialized children" -
	• Victor "Wild boy of Aveyron" - in france raised by wolves, no human contact until he was found and he could barely learn words and died early
	• Genie - girl locked in dads basement, no social skill
Social self - The Me (conscious of how others see you) by George Herbert Mead
Self-consciousness -
Generalized other - general values of society
Agents of socialization - family, work, school, peers, mass media
Social roles - socially defined expectations of a person in their social position
Social identity - can have more than 1, how other ppl categorize u
Self identity- personal identity, how u define urself
Gender roles - the role each gender plays in society
Freud - possession of penis defines gender identity - boys rival father, girls have penis envy
Chodorow - gender identity derives from infants attachment to parents, importance of mother, girls foster sensitivity and remain close to mother, boys break from mother and learn what is masculine
Gilligan -  furthering chodorow: images adult women and men have of themselves, women achievements in ability to care for others, men personal achievements