SELECT cupboards.cupboard_id, cupboards.name, cupboards.capacity, dist.item_type_id, item_types.name, locations.coordinates FROM cupboards INNER JOIN
(SELECT DISTINCT cupboard_items.item_type_id, cupboard_id FROM cupboard_items) AS dist
ON cupboards.cupboard_id = dist.cupboard_id
INNER JOIN item_types ON dist.item_type_id = item_types.item_type_id
INNER JOIN locations ON locations.location_id = cupboards.location_id;

$result = DB::table('cupboards')
            ->select(DB::raw('cupboards.cupboard_id, cupboards.name, cupboards.capacity, dist.item_type_id, item_types.name, locations.coordinates'))
            ->join(DB::raw('SELECT DISTINCT cupboard_items.item_type_id, cupboard_id FROM cupboard_items'))
            ->join('item_types', 'dist.item_type_id', '=', 'cupboard.item_type_id')
            ->join('locations', 'locations.location_id', '=', 'cupboards.location_id')
            ->get();