Metadata:
  Identification_Information:
    Citation:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office
        Publication_Date: 20131220
        Title: NAIP Digital Ortho Photo Image
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Salt Lake City, Utah
          Publisher:  USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office
    Description:
      Abstract:
        This data set contains imagery from the National Agriculture
        Imagery Program (NAIP).  The NAIP program is administered by
        USDA FSA and has been established to support two main FSA
        strategic goals centered on agricultural production.
        These are, increase stewardship of America's natural resources
        while enhancing the environment, and to ensure commodities
        are procured and distributed effectively and efficiently to
        increase food security.  The NAIP program supports these goals by
        acquiring and providing ortho imagery that has been collected
        during the agricultural growing season in the U.S. The NAIP
        ortho imagery is tailored to meet FSA requirements and is a
        fundamental tool used to support FSA farm and conservation
        programs.  Ortho imagery provides an effective, intuitive
        means of communication about farm program administration
        between FSA and stakeholders.
        New technology and innovation is identified by fostering and
        maintaining a relationship with vendors and government
        partners, and by keeping pace with the broader geospatial
        community.  As a result of these efforts the NAIP program
        provides three main products: DOQQ tiles,
        Compressed County Mosaics (CCM), and Seamline shape files
        The Contract specifications for NAIP imagery have changed
        over time reflecting agency requirements and improving
        technologies.  These changes include image resolution,
        horizontal accuracy, coverage area, and number of bands.
        In general, flying seasons are established by FSA and are
        targeted for peak crop growing conditions.  The NAIP
        acquisition cycle is based on a minimum 3 year refresh of base
        ortho imagery.  The tiling format of the NAIP imagery is based
        on a 3.75' x 3.75' quarter quadrangle with a 300 pixel buffer
        on all four sides.  NAIP quarter quads are formatted to the UTM
        coordinate system using the North American Datum of 1983.
        NAIP imagery may contain as much as 10% cloud cover per tile.
      Purpose:
        NAIP imagery is available for distribution within 60 days
        of the end of a flying season and is intended to provide current
        information of agricultural conditions in support of USDA farm
        programs. For USDA Farm Service Agency, the 1 meter and 1/2 meter
        GSD product provides an ortho image base for Common Land Unit
        boundaries and other data sets.  The 1 meter and 1/2 meter NAIP
        imagery is generally acquired in projects covering full states in
        cooperation with state government and other federal agencies that
        use the imagery for a variety of purposes including land use
        planning and natural resource assessment.  The NAIP is also used
        for disaster response.  While suitable for a variety of uses,
        prior to 2007 the 2 meter GSD NAIP imagery was primarily intended
        to assess "crop condition and compliance" to USDA farm program
        conditions. The 2 meter imagery was generally acquired only
        for agricultural areas within state projects.
    Time_Period_of_Content:
      Time_Period_Information:
           Single_Date/Time:
             Calendar_Date: 20130805
      Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition
    Status:
      Progress: Complete
      Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Irregular
    Spatial_Domain:
      Bounding_Coordinates:
        West_Bounding_Coordinate:  -87.8750
        East_Bounding_Coordinate:  -87.8125
        North_Bounding_Coordinate:  30.6875
        South_Bounding_Coordinate:  30.6250
    Keywords:
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
        Theme_Keyword: farming
        Theme_Keyword: Digital Ortho rectified Image
        Theme_Keyword: Ortho Rectification
        Theme_Keyword: Quarter Quadrangle
        Theme_Keyword: NAIP
        Theme_Keyword: Aerial Compliance
        Theme_Keyword: Compliance
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System
        Place_Keyword: AL
        Place_Keyword: Baldwin
        Place_Keyword: 01003
        Place_Keyword: AL003
        Place_Keyword: BALDWIN CO AL FSA
        Place_Keyword: 3008718
        Place_Keyword: STAPLETON, SW
        Place_Keyword: STAPLETON
    Access_Constraints: There are no limitations for access.
    Use_Constraints:
      None.  The USDA-FSA Aerial Photography Field office
      asks to be credited in derived products.
    Point_of_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: Aerial Photography Field Office (APFO)
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical address
          Address: 2222 West 2300 South
          City: Salt Lake City
          State_or_Province: Utah
          Postal_Code: 84119-2020
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 801-844-2922
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 801-956-3653
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: apfo.sales@slc.usda.gov
    Browse_Graphic:
      Browse_Graphic_File_Name: None
      Browse_Graphic_File_Description: None
      Browse_Graphic_File_Type: None
    Native_Data_Set_Environment:
  Data_Quality_Information:
    Logical_Consistency_Report:
      NAIP 3.75 minute tile file names are based
      on the USGS quadrangle naming convention.
    Completeness_Report: None
    Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
        Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
          NAIP horizontal accuracy specifications have evolved over
          the life of the program.  From 2003 to 2004 the
          specifications were as follows: 1-meter GSD imagery was
          to match within 3-meters, and 2-meter GSD to match within 10
          meters of reference imagery.  For 2005 the 1-meter GSD
          specification was changed to 5 meters matching the reference
          imagery.  In 2006 a pilot project was performed using true
          ground specifications rather than reference imagery.  All
          states used the same specifications as 2005 except Utah,
          which required a match of +/- 6 meters to true ground.
          In 2007 all specifications were the same as 2006 except
          Arizona used true ground specifications and all other states
          used reference imagery.  In 2008 and subsequent years
          no 2-meter GSD imagery was acquired and all specifications
          were the same as 2007 except approximately half of the
          states acquired used true ground specifications and the
          other half used reference imagery.  The 2008 states that
          used absolute ground control where; Indiana, Minnesota,
          New Hampshire, North Carolina, Texas, Vermont, and Virginia.
          From 2009 to present all NAIP imagery acquisitions used
          the +/- 6 meters to ground specification.
    Lineage:
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office
            Publication_Date: 20131220
            Title: STAPLETON, SW
            Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
        Type_of_Source_Media: UnKnown
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Single_Date/Time:
              Calendar_Date: 20130805
          Source_Currentness_Reference:
            Aerial Photography Date for aerial photo source.
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Georectifed Image
        Source_Contribution: Digital Georectifed Image.

      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          DOQQ Production Process Description
          USDA FSA APFO NAIP Program 2013
          State: Alabama

          The imagery was collected using ADS40-SH51
          digital sensors. Collection was performed using a
          combination of twin-engine aircraft flying at 17,500 ft
          above mean terrain with 25% sidelap, giving the
          collected data nominal ground sampling distance of 0.7
          meters. Based-upon the CCD Array configuration present in
          the ADS40 digital sensor, imagery for each flight line is
          12,000-pixels in width.  Red, Green, Blue, Near-Infrared and
          Panchromatic image bands were collected.

          Collected data was downloaded to portable hard drives and
          shipped to the processing facility daily.  Raw flight data
          was extracted from external data drives using GPro software.
          Airborne GPS / IMU data was post-processed using IALS,
          PosPac and/or TerraPos software and reviewed to ensure
          sufficient accuracy for project requirements.

          Using Pictovera software, planar rectified images were
          generated from the collected data for use in image quality
          review.  The planar rectified images were generated at five
          meter resolution using a two standard deviation histogram
          stretch.  Factors considered during this review included but
          were not limited to the presence of smoke and/or cloud
          cover, contrails, light conditions, sun glint and any sensor
          or hardware-related issues that potentially could result in
          faulty data.  When necessary, image strips identified as not
          meeting image quality specifications were re-flown to obtain
          suitable imagery.

          Aero triangulation blocks were defined primarily by order of
          acquisition and consisted of four to seventeen strips.
          Image tie points providing the observations for the least
          squares bundle adjustment were selected from the images
          using an auto correlation algorithm. Photogrammetric control
          points consisted of photo identifiable control points,
          collected using GPS field survey techniques.  The control
          points were loaded in to a softcopy workstation and measured
          in the acquired image strips.  A least squares bundle
          adjustment of image pass points, control points and the
          ABGPS was performed to develop an aero triangulation
          solution for each block using Pictovera software.

          Upon final bundle adjustment, the triangulated strips were
          ortho-rectified to the digital elevation model (DEM) The most
          recent USGS 10 meter DEMs were used in the rectification
          process.

          Positional accuracy was reviewed in the rectified imagery by
          visually verifying the horizontal positioning of the known
          photo-identifiable survey locations using ArcGIS software.

          The red, green, and blue bands were combined to generate a
          final ortho-rectified image strip. The ADS40 sensor collects
          twelve bit image data which requires radiometric adjustment
          for output in standard eight bit image channels.  The ortho-
          rectified image strips were produced with the full 12 bit
          data range, allowing radiometric adjustment to 8 bit range
          to be performed on a strip by strip basis during the final
          mosaicking steps.

          The imagery was mosaicked using manual seam line generation
          in Orthovista Seam Editor (OVSE). The 12 bit data range was
          adjusted for display in standard eight bit image channels by
          defining a piecewise histogram stretch using OrthoVista
          software.  A constant stretch was defined for each image
          collection period, and then strip by strip adjustments were
          made as needed to account for changes in sun angle and
          azimuth during the collection period.  Strip adjustments
          were also made to match the strips histograms as closely as
          possible to APFO specified histogram metrics and color
          balance requirements. Automated balancing algorithms were
          applied to account for bi- directional reflectance as a
          final step before the conversion to 8 bit data range
        Process_Date: 20131220
  Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
    Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Baldwin County, AL
    Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
    Raster_Object_Information:
      Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
      Row_Count: 1
      Column_Count: 1
  Spatial_Reference_Information:
    Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Planar:
        Grid_Coordinate_System:
          Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
          Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
            UTM_Zone_Number: 16
            Transverse_Mercator:
              Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
              Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -87.0
              Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
              False_Easting: 500000
              False_Northing: 0.0
        Planar_Coordinate_Information:
          Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
          Coordinate_Representation:
            Abscissa_Resolution: 1
            Ordinate_Resolution: 1
          Planar_Distance_Units: meters
      Geodetic_Model:
        Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
        Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 (GRS 80)
        Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
        Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257
  Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
    Overview_Description:
      Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
        32-bit pixels, 4 band color(RGBIR) values 0 - 255
      Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None
  Distribution_Information:
    Distributor:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Supervisor Customer Services Section
          Contact_Organization:
            USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical address
          Address: 2222 West 2300 South
          City: Salt Lake City
          State_or_Province: Utah
          Postal_Code: 84119-2020
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 801-844-2922
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 801-956-3653
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: apfo.sales@slc.usda.gov
    Distribution_Liability:
      In no event shall the creators, custodians, or distributors
      of this information be liable for any damages arising out
      of its use (or the inability to use it).
    Standard_Order_Process:
      Digital_Form:
        Digital_Transfer_Information:
          Format_Name:
          Format_Information_Content: Multispectral 4-band
        Digital_Transfer_Option:
          Offline_Option:
            Offline_Media: CD-ROM
            Recording_Format: ISO 9660 Mode 1 Level 2 Extensions
          Offline_Option:
            Offline_Media: DVD-R
            Recording_Format: ISO 9660
          Offline_Option:
            Offline_Media: USB Hard Disk
            Recording_Format: NTFS
          Offline_Option:
            Offline_Media: FireWire Hard Disk
            Recording_Format: NTFS
      Fees:
        Contact the Aerial Photography Field Office
        for more information
    Resource_Description:
      m_3008718_sw_16_1_20130805_20131202.tif
  Metadata_Reference_Information:
    Metadata_Date: 20131220
    Metadata_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization:
            USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical address
          Address: 2222 West 2300 South
          City: Salt Lake City
          State_or_Province: Utah
          Postal_Code: 84119-2020
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 801-844-2922
    Metadata_Standard_Name:
      Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
    Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998