# Exam Review 2023 Feb 18

# LABS
# Ch 2-14... all Labs!
# Ch 21-34 just ADDITIONAL LABS, but important practice!
# Use Submit Mode!!!

# Comp 1: Basic syntax and knowledge: operators, data types, etc
# Comp 2: Control Flow
# Comp 3: Modules and Files

# Watch your string input and output
# strip()
# myVar = input().strip() # myNum = int(input().strip())
# print() --> print(end="\n")
# if you ever override the end parameter of print()...
# print("some stuff", end=" ")
# print()
# print("Clean new line!")


# Comp 1: Basic syntax and knowledge: operators, data types, etc
# Common Data Types
# str # ""
# float
# int
# bool # True, False
# list # []
# dict # {key:value}
# set # {}, all unique values, no order --> no index, no sorting, no slices
# tuple # (), immutable... Python sees x,y,z as (x,y,z)... return x, y --> return (x, y)
# range # range() creates a series of sequenced numbers

# operators
# = # assignment
# == # equality... asking, comparing... part of condition
# +
# -
# *
# /
# % # modulo, int remainder..."how many whole things left over?"
# // # floor division... "the last even division before this"... x//y -> math.floor(x/y)
# <
# >
# <=
# >=
# ** # raise to power... similar to math.pow()
# !=
# += # x += 1 --> x = x+1
# -=
# # keywords used like operators
# in # if _someValue_ in _someContainer_
# not # if not _someValue_ in _someContainer_
# and
# or # any one True means whole condition is True... limit OR to 2 conditions


# Comp 2
# Control Flow Structures
# the HOW stuff
# IF statements... if, if/else, if/elif, if/elif/else
# LOOPS...
## WHILE... an IF statement that repeats
## FOR... for looping a container, or a known number of times (i.e., range())
# for _someVar_ in _someContainer_:
# for item in myList:
# for key in myDict: # for k, v in myDict.items()
# for n in range(0, 5): # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
# for i in range(len(myList)): # if I'm interested in the index as much as the value/item

# FUNCTIONS
# defining/writing a function vs calling
# special variable: parameter(s) to a function... they don't work like "regular" variables
# parameters vs argument
# a function has ONE particular job
# return vs print()... write a file... whatever the question says
# the FUNCTION will be tested for doing ITS JOB alone
# method are functions that belong to a particular class/type

# def someFunction(x, y):
#     return x + y
#
# if __name__ == "__main__": # are we running from this very script I'm writing?
#     myInput = int(input())
#     myOther = int(input())
#     num = someFunction(myInput, myOther)
#     print(num)

# See "tasks" in the last section of Ch 10, 11, 13, 14 for function writing practice
# # CodingBat also has good function-based Python questions:
# # https://codingbat.com/python


# BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
# print()
# input()
# len()
# str()
# int()
# float()
# list()
# dict()
# range()
# set()
# tuple()
# sum()
# min()
# max()
# type() # print(type(x).__name__)
# round()
# sorted() # returns sorted list.. compare list.sort() does not return anything
# reversed() # returns reversed list... same
# open() # IO/file --> .read(), .readlines(), .write()
# help(str) # help(str.isspace)
# dir() # print(dir(str))

# STRINGS
# be able to slice like it's 2nd nature: myString[start:stop:step]
myStr = "abcdefg"
revStr = myStr[::-1]
print(revStr)

# KNOW YOUR WHITESPACE
# " " # ... and many Unicode spaces
# "\n"
# "\t"
# "\r"

# STRING METHODS
# "stuff I want to put together {:.2f}".format(var)  # f"stuff I want to put together{var:.2f}"
# myStr.strip() # lstrip(), rstrip()
# myStr.split() # returns a list of smaller strings
# " ".join(listOfStrings)
# myStr.replace(subStr, newSubStr) # "remove"... myStr = myStr.replace(subStr, "")
# myStr.find(subStr) # returns int index of where it starts, or -1
# myStr.count(subStr) # return int count
# case: myStr.lower(), myStr.upper(), myStr.title(), myStr.capitalize()
# is/Boolean: myStr.isupper(), islower(), isspace(), isalpha(), isalnum(), isnumeric(), isdigit()

# LISTS
# again know indices and be able to slice

# LIST METHODS
# # +
# myList.append(item)
# myList.insert(i, item)
# myList.extend(anotherList)
# # -
# myList.pop(i) # or pop() no arg takes out last one
# myList.remove(item) # pop() by index, remove() by value
# # other
# myList.count(item)
# myList.sort()
# myList.reverse()
# # not as imp
# myList.clear()
# myList.copy()
# myList.index(item)


# DICT
# use the key like an index
# myDict[key] # retrieves the value for that key
# myDict[key] = value # assign (new) value for that key
# myDict.keys()
# myDict.values()
# myDict.items() # for k, v in myDict.items()

# MODULES
# math and csv

# MATH MODULE
# import math # <-- that's a FULL IMPORT
# math.factorial(x)
# math.ceil(x.yz)
# math.floor(x.yz)
# math.pow(x, y)
# math.sqrt(x)
# math.fabs() # abs() is a built-in
# math.e
# math.pi

# PARTIAL IMPORT
# from math import factorial
# from math import ceil, fabs
# # don't say math.factorial()
# factorial()
# floor()
# # from math import * # still a partial import... ceil(), sqrt()
#
# # ALIAS IMPORT
# import math as m
# m.floor()
# m.factorial()

# FILES!!!
# READ
# with open("test.txt", "r") as f:
#     contents = f.readlines()# list of strings, line by line
# print(contents)
# for line in contents:
#     line = line.strip()
#     print(line) # print(line, end="\n")
#
# # CSV Module
# import csv
# with open("mock_data.csv", "r") as f:
#     contents = list(csv.reader(f))
# print(contents[0:10])

# WRITE MODE
# with open("output_data12.csv", "w") as f1:
#     for line in contents:
#         if ".edu" in line[3]: # if line[3][-4:] # if line[3].endswith(".edu")
#             # write() takes a single string arg
#             f1.write(",".join(line)+"\n")

# APPEND MODE
# with open("append_to_this.txt", "r") as f3:
#     contents = f3.readlines()
# print(contents)
with open("append_to_this.txt", "a") as f3:
    f3.write("Pippin\n")