# Webinar: Functions + Methods in Python 8/14/21

# You'll start getting to know functions in Ch 7

# functions should be modular and reusable
# we define a function once and call it as many times as needed

# define your function ONCE
def myFunction(parameter): # parameters aren't like "normal" variables
    x = 5 # don't do this with parameters
    return parameter
    print(parameter)

# call my functions many times
myFunction("Hi")
print(myFunction("Hey"))
print(myFunction("How you doing?"))

# function definition, Gallant
def squareThis(num):
    # square = num * num
    # return square
    # return num**2
    return num * num

print(squareThis(5)) # 25
x = squareThis(6)
print(x) # 36

# defining a function like Goofus
def squareSomething(num):
    num = 5 # dont' do this!
    return num * num

print("Goofus calls:")
print(squareSomething(5)) # 25
print(squareSomething(6))
print(squareSomething(8))

# You'll be getting to know various methods of common data types in Ch 8 and beyond
# METHODS of a data type or "class" are just functions that belong to that type
# dot syntax
# variableOfSomeType.method()
# myList.aListMethod()
# myString.aStringMethod()

# help(str)
print(dir(str))
help(str.count)
myString = "Just sit right back and you'll hear a tale."
print("How many times is that string in there?", myString.count("sit"))

# Ch 8 Task 10
# Complete the function to return the number
# of upper case letters in the given string
def countUpper(mystring):
    # mystring.isupper()
    count = 0
    for char in mystring:
        if char.isupper():
            count += 1
    return count

print(countUpper('Welcome to WGU'))# expected output: 4
print(countUpper('Hello Mary'))# expected output: 2
print(countUpper("WKRP in Cincinatti"))

# Student Question:         #... and not on functions!

# starting with year 2000, create a list containing 5 leap years
# when the list is complete, print the full list with a message
# expected outcome: These are the leap years: [2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016]

# % mod!
leapYears = []
for n in range(2000, 2021):
    # if n % 4 == 0:
    #     if len(leapYears) <= 4:
    #         leapYears.append(n)
    # or
    if n%4==0 and len(leapYears)<=4:
        leapYears.append(n)
print("These are the leap years: {}".format(leapYears))