/* Iterative Scaling Experiment by:
     Chris M. Thomasson
_________________________________________________________*/



/* Our global 2d plane
_________________________________________________________*/
float g_radius = 4.0; // master zoom
ct_axes_2d g_axes = new ct_axes_2d(0, 0, g_radius);
ct_plane_2d g_plane = null;


//static int g_anime_frame_n = 24 * 5;
static int g_anime_frame_n = 8 * 10;
static float g_anime_frame_step = (PI * 2) / g_anime_frame_n;
int g_anime_frame_i = 0;
float g_anime_a0 = 0;


static PFont g_font = null;




// Runtime setup, pre-main...
void setup()
{
  // setup our global plane
  //size(3840, 2160);
  //size(1920, 1080);
  size(720, 405);
  g_plane = new ct_plane_2d(g_axes, width, height);
  
  // Initial state
  noFill();
  noLoop();
  background(0);
  colorMode(RGB, 255);
  strokeWeight(3);
  stroke(255, 255, 255, 128);
  
  g_font = createFont("Arial",16,true); // STEP 2 Create Font
  
  // Call main!
  ct_main();
}


/* Main
_________________________________________________________*/
void ct_main()
{
  ct_mbrot_plane(.1);
  
  stroke(255);
  ct_circle(0, 0, 1);
  //ct_render_grid();
  
  saveFrame("ct_vector_field.jpg");
  
  loop();
}

float g_anime_scale = .1;

void draw()
{
  if (g_anime_frame_i < g_anime_frame_n)
  {
    float angle = g_anime_frame_step * g_anime_frame_i;
    g_anime_scale = abs(sin(angle / 2)) * .25 + .05;
    clear();
    ct_mbrot_plane(g_anime_scale);
    
    print("g_anime_scale:" + g_anime_scale + ", ");
    ct_save_frame("ct_mbrot");
    ++g_anime_frame_i;
  }
  
  else
  {
    println("Complete!");
    noLoop();
  }
}


float ct_cmul_x(float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1)
{
  return x0 * x1 - y0 * y1;
}

float ct_cmul_y(float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1)
{
  return x0 * y1 + y0 * x1;
}


void ct_save_frame(String prefix)
{
   String file = "\\movie\\" + prefix + "_" + g_anime_frame_i + ".jpg";
   //saveFrame(file);
   println("frame:" + file);
}

// Iterative Re-Scaling
void ct_mbrot_point(
  int xi, int yi, 
  float zx, float zy, 
  float cx, float cy,
  float scale
) {
  int n = 73;
  int b = 0;
  float rn = 2; // escape
  
  float o = 99999999999.0;
  
  for (int i = 1; i < n + 1; ++i)
  {
     // z = z^2+c
     float tzx = ct_cmul_x(zx, zy, zx, zy);
     zy = ct_cmul_y(zx, zy, zx, zy);
     zx = tzx;
     
     zx += cx;
     zy += cy;
     
     // r = abs(z);
     float r = sqrt(zx*zx + zy*zy);
     
     // orbit trap for coloring...
     if (r < o) o = r;
     
     // check for escape...
     if (r > rn)
     {
       // retry 5 times
       if (b < 5)
       {
         // scale z back, z *= scale
         zx *= scale;
         zy *= scale;
         ++b;
         
         // increase the next escape radius
         rn += 2 + scale;
         continue;
       }
       
       // Color outside
       //stroke((i * 123) % 256, (i * 4586) % 256, i);
       int red = (int)(o * (i * i));
       stroke(red % 256, (red * 10 * scale) % 256, (i * 453) % 256);
       point(xi, yi);
       
       return; 
     }
  }
  
  // Color inside
  //stroke(0, 255, 0);
  int red = (int)(o * 256);
  stroke(red % 256, 0, 0);
  point(xi, yi);
}


// Iterate the global plane
void ct_mbrot_plane(float scale)
{
   for (int yi = 0; yi < height; ++yi)
   {
     for (int xi = 0; xi < width; ++xi)
     {
       float zx = g_plane.project_x(xi);// * .15 * (1/scale);
       float zy = g_plane.project_y(yi);// * .15 * (1/scale);
       
       ct_mbrot_point(xi, yi, zx, zy, zx, zy, scale);
     }
   }
}


void ct_render_grid()
{
  // white lines and circle
  stroke(255, 255, 255);
  ct_circle(0, 0, 1);
  ct_rect_center(0, 0, 1, 1);
  ct_line(-1, 1, -2, 2);
  ct_line(1, 1, 2, 2);
  ct_line(1, -1, 2, -2);
  ct_line(-1, -1, -2, -2);
  
  // purple circles and lines
  stroke(255, 255, 0);
  ct_circle(0, 0, 2);
  ct_rect_center(0, 0, 2, 2);
  stroke(255, 0, 255);
  ct_circle(-1.5, 0, .5);
  ct_circle(1.5, 0, .5);
  ct_circle(0, -1.5, .5);
  ct_circle(0, 1.5, .5);
     
  // axes green as x and red as y.
  float oradius = (sqrt(8) - 2) / 2;
  stroke(0, 255, 0);
  ct_line(-oradius * 2 - 2, 0, oradius * 2 + 2, 0);
  stroke(255, 0, 0);
  ct_line(0, -oradius * 2 - 2, 0, oradius * 2 + 2);
  
  // Cyan circles
  stroke(0, 255, 255);
  ct_circle(0, 0, sqrt(8));
  ct_circle(-2 - oradius, 0, oradius);
  ct_circle(2 + oradius, 0, oradius);
  ct_circle(0, -2 - oradius, oradius);
  ct_circle(0, 2 + oradius, oradius);
}



/* 2d Projected Drawing Tools
_________________________________________________________*/
void ct_circle(float x, float y, float r)
{
  float x_proj = g_plane.project_x(x);
  float y_proj = g_plane.project_y(y);
  float r_proj = g_plane.project_h(r) * 2;
  
  ellipse(x_proj, y_proj, r_proj, r_proj);
}


void ct_rect_center(float x, float y, float w, float h)
{
  ct_rect(x - w, y + h, w, h);
}

void ct_text(float x, float y, String b)
{
  float x_proj = g_plane.project_x(x);
  float y_proj = g_plane.project_y(y);
  
  textFont(g_font, 20);                  // STEP 3 Specify font to be used
  fill(255);                         // STEP 4 Specify font color 
  text(b, x_proj, y_proj);   // STEP 5 Display Text
  noFill();
}


void ct_rect(float x, float y, float w, float h)
{
  float x_proj = g_plane.project_x(x);
  float y_proj = g_plane.project_y(y);
  float w_proj = g_plane.project_w(w) * 2;
  float h_proj = g_plane.project_h(h) * 2;
  
  rect(x_proj, y_proj, w_proj, h_proj);
}


void ct_line(float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1)
{
  float x0_proj = g_plane.project_x(x0);
  float y0_proj = g_plane.project_y(y0);
  float x1_proj = g_plane.project_x(x1);
  float y1_proj = g_plane.project_y(y1);
  
  line(x0_proj, y0_proj, x1_proj, y1_proj);
}

void ct_point(float x, float y)
{
  float x_proj = g_plane.project_x(x);
  float y_proj = g_plane.project_y(y);
  
  point(x_proj, y_proj);
}


/* 2d Axes
_________________________________________________________*/
class ct_axes_2d
{
  float m_xmin;
  float m_xmax;
  float m_ymin;
  float m_ymax;
  
  ct_axes_2d(float xmin, float xmax, float ymin, float ymax)
  {
    m_xmin = xmin;
    m_xmax = xmax;
    m_ymin = ymin;
    m_ymax = ymax;
  }
  
  ct_axes_2d(ct_axes_2d axes)
  {
    m_xmin = axes.m_xmin;
    m_xmax = axes.m_xmax;
    m_ymin = axes.m_ymin;
    m_ymax = axes.m_ymax;
  }
  
  ct_axes_2d(float x, float y, float r)
  {
    m_xmin = x - r;
    m_xmax = x + r;
    m_ymin = y - r;
    m_ymax = y + r;
  }
  
  ct_axes_2d copy_to(ct_axes_2d dest)
  {
    dest.m_xmin = m_xmin;
    dest.m_xmax = m_xmax;
    dest.m_ymin = m_ymin;
    dest.m_ymax = m_ymax;
    
    return dest;
  }
  
  float width() { return m_xmax - m_xmin; }
  float height() { return m_ymax - m_ymin; }
};


/* 2d Plane
_________________________________________________________*/
class ct_plane_2d
{
  ct_axes_2d m_axes;
  int m_width;
  int m_height;
  float m_aratio;
  float m_xstep;
  float m_ystep;
  
  ct_plane_2d(ct_axes_2d axes, int width_, int height_)
  {
    m_axes = new ct_axes_2d(axes); // copy
    m_width = width_;
    m_height = height_;
    
    float daspect = abs((float)height_ / width_);
    float waspect = abs(m_axes.height() / m_axes.width());
    
    if (daspect > waspect)
    {
      float excess = m_axes.height() * (daspect / waspect - 1);
      m_axes.m_ymax += excess / 2;
      m_axes.m_ymin -= excess / 2;
    }
    
    else if (daspect < waspect)
    {
      float excess = m_axes.width() * (waspect / daspect - 1);
      m_axes.m_xmax += excess / 2;
      m_axes.m_xmin -= excess / 2;
    }
    
    m_xstep = m_axes.width() / ((m_width > 1) ? (m_width - 1) : m_width);
    m_ystep = m_axes.height() / ((m_height > 1) ? (m_height - 1) : m_height);
  }
  
  float project_x(float x)
  {
    return floor((x - m_axes.m_xmin) / m_xstep);
  }
  
  float project_y(float y)
  {
    return floor((m_axes.m_ymax - y) / m_ystep);
  }
  
  float project_w(float w)
  {
    return round(w / m_xstep);
  }
  
  float project_h(float h)
  {
    return round(h / m_ystep);
  }
  
  float project_x(int x)
  {
     return m_axes.m_xmin + x * m_xstep;
  }
  
  float project_y(int y)
  {
     return m_axes.m_ymax - y * m_ystep;
  }
};