#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <span>
#include <iterator>

template<typename T>
class concat_view {
public:
    using value_type = T;
    using const_pointer = const value_type*;
    using const_reference = const value_type&;

    concat_view(std::initializer_list<std::span<const T>> spans) : spans_(spans) {}

    class iterator {
    public:
        using value_type = T;
        using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
        using pointer = const T*;
        using reference = const T&;
        using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;

        iterator(std::vector<std::span<const T>> const& spans, size_t outer, size_t inner)
            : spans_(spans), outer_(outer), inner_(inner) {
            advance_past_empty_spans();
        }

        reference operator*() const {
            return spans_[outer_][inner_];
        }

        iterator& operator++() {
            ++inner_;
            advance_past_empty_spans();
            return *this;
        }

        bool operator==(const iterator& other) const {
            return outer_ == other.outer_ && inner_ == other.inner_;
        }

        bool operator!=(const iterator& other) const {
            return !(*this == other);
        }

    private:
        std::vector<std::span<const T>> spans_;
        size_t outer_ = 0;
        size_t inner_ = 0;

        void advance_past_empty_spans() {
            while (outer_ < spans_.size() && inner_ == spans_[outer_].size()) {
                ++outer_;
                inner_ = 0;
            }
        }
    };

    iterator begin() const {
        return iterator(spans_, 0, 0);
    }

    iterator end() const {
        return iterator(spans_, spans_.size(), 0);
    }

private:
    std::vector<std::span<const T>> spans_;
};