Bài 9: Thực Hành Cấu Hình Quota Centos 8 Mục tiêu bài thực hành: + Thiết lập hạn ngạch đĩa cho theo đối tượng là user và group. - Disabled Selinux của máy tính [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux SELINUX=disabled - Tạo ra user và group để thiết lập hạn ngạch đĩa cho users [root@vmlinux ~]# groupadd test123 [root@vmlinux ~]# useradd -g test123 user1 [root@vmlinux ~]# useradd -g test123 user2 - Kích hoạt tính năng quota ở trên các partition [root@vmlinux ~]# vi /etc/fstab LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 1 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 [root@vmlinux ~]# mount -o remount /home [root@vmlinux ~]# mount -o remount / => remount lại phân vùng / để apply tính năng quota - Sử dụng lệnh "quotacheck -mcug [phan_vung_mount_ho_tro_quota]" tạo ra 2 file là aquota.group và aquota.user ở trong partition ta thiết lập [root@vmlinux ~]# quotacheck -mcug /home [root@vmlinux ~]# quotacheck -mcug / -m: nghia ra khong remount -c: tao file -u: user -g: group - Kiem tra xem file aquota.user va aquota.group da duoc tao ra [root@vmlinux ~]# ls -lah / | more total 198K drwxr-xr-x 24 root root 4.0K Dec 27 09:57 . drwxr-xr-x 24 root root 4.0K Dec 27 09:57 .. -rw------- 1 root root 8.0K Dec 27 09:57 aquota.group <---- -rw------- 1 root root 7.0K Dec 27 09:57 aquota.user <---- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 27 09:52 .autofsck drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Dec 17 10:22 bin drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 1.0K Nov 29 23:27 boot drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4.0K Dec 27 09:52 dev drwxr-xr-x 95 root root 12K Dec 27 09:57 etc drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4.0K Dec 27 09:54 home drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4.0K Dec 17 12:37 lib drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 12K Dec 17 12:35 lib64 drwx------ 2 root root 16K Nov 29 23:16 lost+found drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Dec 27 09:52 media drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Dec 27 09:52 misc drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Nov 29 23:46 mnt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Dec 27 09:52 net drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Jan 27 2010 opt dr-xr-xr-x 142 root root 0 Dec 27 09:51 proc drwxr-x--- 14 root root 4.0K Dec 27 09:53 root drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12K Dec 17 12:38 sbin drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 0 Dec 27 09:51 selinux drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Jan 27 2010 srv drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 0 Dec 27 09:51 sys drwxrwxrwt 12 root root 4.0K Dec 27 09:53 tmp drwxr-xr-x 15 root root 4.0K Nov 29 23:21 usr drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4.0K Dec 17 10:21 var - Thiết lập quota cho user [root@vmlinux ~]# edquota -u user1 Disk quotas for user user1 (uid 502): Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard /dev/sda3 60 0 0 8 0 0 => cau hinh soft limit la 10240 KB va hard limit la 11000 Kb Disk quotas for user user1 (uid 502): Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard /dev/sda3 60 10240 11000 8 0 0 - Thiết lập quota cho group test123 [root@localhost ~]# edquota -g test123 Disk quotas for group test123 (gid 1000): Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard /dev/mapper/centos--volume--group-root 0 0 0 0 0 0 /dev/mapper/centos--volume--group-home 11044 30000 30000 18 0 0 - Kiểm tra quota của hệ thống [root@vmlinux ~]# repquota -a *** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sda3 Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days Block limits File limits User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace ---------------------------------------------------------------------- root -- 3575300 0 0 122497 0 0 daemon -- 20 0 0 3 0 0 lp -- 16 0 0 2 0 0 rpc -- 4 0 0 1 0 0 apache -- 16 0 0 2 0 0 smmsp -- 16 0 0 2 0 0 ntp -- 8 0 0 1 0 0 xfs -- 4 0 0 1 0 0 rpcuser -- 8 0 0 1 0 0 avahi -- 20 0 0 3 0 0 athena -- 60 0 0 8 0 0 student -- 792 0 0 75 0 0 user1 -- 60 10240 11000 8 0 0 user2 -- 60 10240 11000 8 0 0 [root@vmlinux ~]# edquota -t Grace period before enforcing soft limits for users: Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or seconds Filesystem Block grace period Inode grace period /dev/sda3 7days 7days => thay doi thoi gian grace ( gia han ) Grace period before enforcing soft limits for users: Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or seconds Filesystem Block grace period Inode grace period /dev/sda3 1hours 1hours [root@vmlinux ~]# quotacheck -mavug -f quotacheck: Scanning /dev/sda3 [/] done quotacheck: Checked 10978 directories and 111637 files -a: kiem tra tat ca cac file -m: khong remount file system co quyen read-only -v: hien thi tien trinh -u: user -g: group [root@vmlinux ~]#init 6 => reboot lai PC để quota được tác dụng - Login vào user1 và user2 tạo ra vượt ngưỡng quota qui định TEST user1 - user1 tao thu mot file va ta lam nhap lai cau lenh quotacheck -mavug [root@vmlinux ~]# su user1 [user1@vmlinux root]$ cd ~ [user1@vmlinux ~]$ pwd /home/user1 [user1@vmlinux ~]$ seq 1000 > 1ngan.txt [user1@vmlinux ~]$ [root@vmlinux ~]# repquota -a *** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sda3 Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days Block limits File limits User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace ---------------------------------------------------------------------- root -- 3575352 0 0 122505 0 0 daemon -- 20 0 0 3 0 0 lp -- 16 0 0 2 0 0 rpc -- 4 0 0 1 0 0 apache -- 16 0 0 2 0 0 smmsp -- 16 0 0 2 0 0 ntp -- 8 0 0 1 0 0 xfs -- 4 0 0 1 0 0 rpcuser -- 8 0 0 1 0 0 avahi -- 20 0 0 3 0 0 athena -- 60 0 0 8 0 0 student -- 792 0 0 75 0 0 user1 -- 68 10240 11000 9 0 0 user2 -- 60 10240 11000 8 0 0 Test user2 [user2@vmlinux ~]$ seq 1000000 > 1trieu.txt [user2@vmlinux ~]$ seq 2000000 > 2trieu.txt [user2@vmlinux ~]$ ls -lah total 25M drwx------ 3 user2 test123 4.0K Dec 27 10:21 . drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4.0K Dec 27 09:54 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 user2 test123 6.6M Dec 27 10:20 1trieu.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 user2 test123 18M Dec 27 10:21 2trieu.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 user2 test123 33 Dec 27 09:54 .bash_logout -rw-r--r-- 1 user2 test123 176 Dec 27 09:54 .bash_profile -rw-r--r-- 1 user2 test123 124 Dec 27 09:54 .bashrc drwxr-xr-x 4 user2 test123 4.0K Dec 27 09:54 .mozilla [root@vmlinux ~]# repquota -a *** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sda3 Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days Block limits File limits User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace ---------------------------------------------------------------------- root -- 3575356 0 0 122505 0 0 daemon -- 20 0 0 3 0 0 lp -- 16 0 0 2 0 0 rpc -- 4 0 0 1 0 0 apache -- 16 0 0 2 0 0 smmsp -- 16 0 0 2 0 0 ntp -- 8 0 0 1 0 0 xfs -- 4 0 0 1 0 0 rpcuser -- 8 0 0 1 0 0 avahi -- 20 0 0 3 0 0 athena -- 60 0 0 8 0 0 student -- 792 0 0 75 0 0 user1 -- 68 10240 11000 9 0 0 user2 +- 25160 10240 11000 7days 10 0 0 => Thoi gian gian han la trong vong 7 ngay - Thiết lập Crontab mỗi 10 phút thì máy tính sẽ scan xác định dung lượng thay đổi [root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/crontab #Them vao dong moi * * * * * root quotacheck -mavugf