#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class Ball
{
    public:
        int a;

        Ball()
        {
            a = 0;
        }

        ~Ball()
        {
            cout << "destroyed Ball()" << endl;
        }
};

class Example
{
    public:
        string name;
        Ball* b;

        Example()
        {
            name = "";
            b = NULL;
        }

        ~Example()
        {
            cout << "destroying Example()" << endl;
            delete b;
        }
};

void testfunction(vector<Example>& list)
{
    cout << "entered testfunction1()" << endl;

    Example y;
    y.name = "myName";
    y.b = new Ball();
    y.b->a = 5;

    cout << "y.b->a = " << y.b->a << endl;
    list.push_back(y);

    cout << "exit testfunction1()" << endl;
}

void testfunction2()
{
    cout << "entered testfunction2()" << endl;
    Example* y = new Example();
    cout << "exit testfunction2()" << endl;
}

int main() {
    vector<Example> list;
    testfunction(list);
    //testfunction2();

    if(list[0].b == NULL)
        cout << "b is null" << endl;
    else
        cout << "b is not null" << endl;

    cout << list[0].name << endl;
    cout << list[0].b << endl;
    cout << "list[0].b->a = " << list[0].b->a << endl;
    return 0;
}

Example(const Example& a)
{
    name = a.name;  // attention no dynamic allocation
    cout << "copy" <<endl;
    if (a.b) {
        b = new Ball(*a.b);   // create a new duplicated Ball
    }
    else b = NULL;
}

void testfunction(vector<Example>& list)
{
    // ...

    Example y;
    y.name = "myName";
    y.b = new Ball();
    y.b->a = 5;

    list.push_back(y);

    // ...
} // <-- destructor for Example y is called and y.b is deleted