Question 1
1 out of 1 points
Correct
A survival strategy used by our ancestors to avoid starvation was:
Answer
Selected Answer:
storing excess calories as fat.
Correct Answer:
storing excess calories as fat.
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
Correct
According to Abraham Maslow, ________ needs are the first to be satisfied, while ________ needs are the last.
Answer
Selected Answer:
physiological; self-actualization
Correct Answer:
physiological; self-actualization
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
Correct
According to Gestalt psychologists, insights reflect:
Answer
Selected Answer:
a spontaneous restructuring of a problem.
Correct Answer:
a spontaneous restructuring of a problem.
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
Correct
America's most pernicious and pervasive eating-related problem is:
Answer
Selected Answer:
obesity.
Correct Answer:
obesity.
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Amir is of the Islamic faith. According to the mortality-salience hypothesis, if reminded of the inevitability of his own physical death, Amir probably will:
Answer
Selected Answer:
grow stronger in the Islamic faith.
Correct Answer:
grow stronger in the Islamic faith.
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
Correct
An internal state generated by departures from physiological optimality is called a(n):
Answer
Selected Answer:
drive.
Correct Answer:
drive.
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Because he is a hopeless romantic, Chad buys his wife a single red rose for no particular reason while grocery shopping. Realizing that he doesn't own a vase, he also buys the only one the supermarket has in stock, which is rather expensive. Upon coming home, his wife says, “Thanks for the rose, but is the vase really necessary? We can just put it in one of your many empty wine bottles that litter the kitchen.” Chad's failure to realize that a wine bottle can serve as a makeshift, yet romantic, vase is an example of:
Answer
Selected Answer:
functional fixedness.
Correct Answer:
functional fixedness.
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Existential terror deals with the:
Answer
Selected Answer:
inevitability of death.
Correct Answer:
inevitability of death.
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Gisela is anorexic. It is likely that she can be described by all the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
“impulsive.”
Correct Answer:
“impulsive.”
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Items that are more accessible in memory are judged as having occurred more frequently. This mindbug of decision making is called the:
Answer
Selected Answer:
availability bias.
Correct Answer:
availability bias.
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Mark puts in long hours studying for his psychology tests. He already has an A in the course, but he really has a desire to know the material well. Mark's behavior is characteristic of:
Answer
Selected Answer:
intrinsic motivation.
Correct Answer:
intrinsic motivation.
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Paul is deep in credit card debt. His goal state is to be debt-free, but he doesn't have nearly enough money to pay off his debt at the moment. According to a means-end analysis, Paul should:
Answer
Selected Answer:
take small steps to move from his current situation to one that is closer to his end goal; by meeting small goals, eventually he will be debt-free.
Correct Answer:
take small steps to move from his current situation to one that is closer to his end goal; by meeting small goals, eventually he will be debt-free.
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Correct
People who frequently engage in risky behaviors are extremely insensitive to the ________ of their behavior.
Answer
Selected Answer:
future consequences
Correct Answer:
future consequences
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
Correct
When a neutral stimulus evokes a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally evokes a response, the result is an example of which of the following phenomena?
Answer
Selected Answer:
classical conditioning
Correct Answer:
classical conditioning
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
Correct
When your 3-year-old sister threw a tantrum over the candy she wanted, your mother gave it to her so that she would calm down. Although counterproductive in the long-run, in that moment, your mother's behavior was being ________ by ________.
Answer
Selected Answer:
negatively reinforced; the end of the tantrum
Correct Answer:
negatively reinforced; the end of the tantrum
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
Correct
A shy and timid child works up the courage to raise his hand to answer a question. The teacher calls on him and the child delivers an excellent answer. The teacher exclaims, “That is the best answer I have heard all week! Great job! Come up to the front of the room to get a sticker!” Unfortunately, the child found all of this attention unpleasant, and no longer answers questions in class. His behavior of answering questions was:
Answer
Selected Answer:
positively punished.
Correct Answer:
positively punished.
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Molly's mail carrier delivers the mail promptly at noon each day. Molly never checks her mailbox in the morning, but always checks it at 12:05 p.m. Molly's mail carrier has her on what kind of schedule?
Answer
Selected Answer:
fixed interval
Correct Answer:
fixed interval
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
Correct
A type of learning in which the consequences of an organism's behavior determine whether or not it will be repeated is called:
Answer
Selected Answer:
operant conditioning.
Correct Answer:
operant conditioning.
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Reinforcers ________ and punishers ________ the future probability of the behavior that led to these respective consequences.
Answer
Selected Answer:
increase; decrease
Correct Answer:
increase; decrease
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Extinction in operant conditioning involves:
Answer
Selected Answer:
no longer presenting the reinforcer when the response occurs.
Correct Answer:
no longer presenting the reinforcer when the response occurs.
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
Correct
The tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period is called:
Answer
Selected Answer:
spontaneous recovery.
Correct Answer:
spontaneous recovery.
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Positive reinforcers ________ and negative reinforcers ________ the future probability of the behavior that led to these respective consequences.
Answer
Selected Answer:
increase; increase
Correct Answer:
increase; increase
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Correct
When your dog's veterinarian advised you to feed your dog in the morning instead of in the evening, it took several days for your dog to stop salivating late in the afternoon as you stirred around in the kitchen. This is an example of:
Answer
Selected Answer:
extinction.
Correct Answer:
extinction.
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Billy Bob's Big Burger Barn is your favorite restaurant, and lately you've noticed that every time you walk by there on your way to class, your mouth starts to salivate. In this incidence of classical conditioning, the sight of the restaurant is the ________; your salivation is the ________.
Answer
Selected Answer:
CS; CR
Correct Answer:
CS; CR
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
Correct
When external rewards undermine the intrinsic satisfaction of performing a behavior, the ________ is operating.
Answer
Selected Answer:
overjustification effect
Correct Answer:
overjustification effect
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Correct
In his experiment with Little Albert, one of John Watson's goals was to show that:
Answer
Selected Answer:
fear can be learned by means of classical conditioning.
Correct Answer:
fear can be learned by means of classical conditioning.
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Correct
B. F. Skinner believed that superstitions:
Answer
Selected Answer:
resulted from the unintended reinforcement of inconsequential behavior.
Correct Answer:
resulted from the unintended reinforcement of inconsequential behavior.
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Slot machines pay off on schedules that are determined by the random number generator that controls the play of the machine. For example, on average, the machine might pay off every 100 pulls, but sometimes two pulls are required and sometimes several hundred pulls are required. Slot machines are a real-world example of a ________ schedule.
Answer
Selected Answer:
variable ratio
Correct Answer:
variable ratio
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
Correct
A parent spanked a child for misbehaving, and the misbehavior stopped. By definition, the spanking served as a ________ for the misbehavior.
Answer
Selected Answer:
positive punisher
Correct Answer:
positive punisher
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
Correct
The learning process involves the ________ of new knowledge, skills, or responses as a function of ________.
Answer
Selected Answer:
acquisition; experience
Correct Answer:
acquisition; experience
Question 18
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Not only did Little Albert learn to fear white rats, he also cried when presented with a Santa Claus mask or a seal-fur coat. This behavior was the result of:
Answer
Selected Answer:
stimulus generalization.
Correct Answer:
stimulus generalization.
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Tammy ate raw oysters for the first time and, four hours later, became extremely sick to her stomach. Now, the smell of oysters makes her stomach queasy. What is the CR?
Answer
Selected Answer:
stomach queasiness at the smell of oysters
Correct Answer:
stomach queasiness at the smell of oysters
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
Correct
In second-order conditioning, what is the US?
Answer
Selected Answer:
a previously established CS
Correct Answer:
a previously established CS

Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Research suggests that, all else being equal, ________ tends to be more powerful than ________.
Answer
Selected Answer:
avoidance motivation; approach motivation
Correct Answer:
avoidance motivation; approach motivation
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Shannon has been married for 20 years. She feels miserable in her marriage but refuses to consider getting a divorce; she feels that a divorce would completely waste all of the hard work she has put into making the marriage work for 20 years. Shannon's line of reasoning best illustrates the:
Answer
Selected Answer:
sunk-cost fallacy.
Correct Answer:
sunk-cost fallacy.
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Some school districts across the United States are considering paying children to attend school. This strategy is likely to ________ because ________.
Answer
Selected Answer:
fail; it makes an intrinsic activity into an extrinsic activity
Correct Answer:
fail; it makes an intrinsic activity into an extrinsic activity
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Tom is considering moving to a new city. He reads that the employment rate in that city is 90%, which he thinks is very favorable. Ted is considering moving to the same city, but he reads that the unemployment rate is 10%, which he thinks is unacceptably high. Why would Tom and Ted reach such different conclusions based on the same statistics?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Tom received information that was framed in a favorable way, whereas Ted received the exact same information but framed in an unfavorable way.
Correct Answer:
Tom received information that was framed in a favorable way, whereas Ted received the exact same information but framed in an unfavorable way.
Question 18
1 out of 1 points
Correct
When presented with a problem, the first step in means-ends analysis is to:
Answer
Selected Answer:
analyze the final goal state that you would like to achieve.
Correct Answer:
analyze the final goal state that you would like to achieve.
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
Correct
When we solve a problem by finding a similar problem with a known solution (and then apply it), we are engaged in:
Answer
Selected Answer:
analogical problem solving.
Correct Answer:
analogical problem solving.
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
Correct
________ are “mental shortcuts” that may or may not be effective, whereas ________ are well-defined rules that guarantee a solution to a problem.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Heuristics; algorithms
Correct Answer:
Heuristics; algorithms

Question 1
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Men typically outscore women on tests that involve:
Answer
Selected Answer:
spatial memory.
Correct Answer:
spatial memory.
Question 2
0 out of 1 points
Incorrect
Intelligence scores among identical twins are ________ correlated when the twins are raised in the same household, and are ________ correlated when the twins are separated at birth and raised in different households.
Answer
Selected Answer:	   [None Given]
Correct Answer:
strongly; strongly
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Suzie displays the mental ability typical of a 6-year-old child. Therefore, her mental age is:
Answer
Selected Answer:
6.
Correct Answer:
6.
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Robert Sternberg suggested that there are three kinds of intelligence, which include all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
emotional intelligence.
Correct Answer:
emotional intelligence.
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Research suggests the reason why first-born children have higher IQs than their siblings is that first-born children:
Answer
Selected Answer:
have exclusive access to their parents' child-rearing until siblings are born.
Correct Answer:
have exclusive access to their parents' child-rearing until siblings are born.
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
Incorrect
Studies suggest that practical, analytic, and creative intelligence are:
Answer
Selected Answer:
very highly related to each other.
Correct Answer:
independent of each other.
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Deanna has an intelligence score of 98. At 10 years of age, she is a classically trained professional singer performing in opera houses around the world. It is likely that:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Deanna is a prodigy.
Correct Answer:
Deanna is a prodigy.
Question 8
0 out of 1 points
Incorrect
The two-factor theory of intelligence predicts a ________ correlation between solving algebra problems and musical ability.
Answer
Selected Answer:
perfect
Correct Answer:
positive
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
Incorrect
In the three-level hierarchy of intelligence tests, ________ is/are at the top, ________ is/are in the middle, and ________ is/are at the bottom.
Answer
Selected Answer:
group factors; general factor; specific factors
Correct Answer:
general factor; group factors; specific factors
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
Incorrect
Modern intelligence tests:
Answer
Selected Answer:
remain highly culturally biased.
Correct Answer:
have few, if any, questions with a clear cultural bias.
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
Incorrect
Intelligence tests measure:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the correlation between the ability to answer questions and perform tasks and intelligence.
Correct Answer:
the ability to answer questions and perform tasks that are highly correlated with the consequences of intelligence.
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
Incorrect
Alfred Binet believed that, over the lifetime, intelligence:
Answer
Selected Answer:
tended to reliably increase.
Correct Answer:
could be altered based on experiences.
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Correct
The ability to apply and implement solutions in everyday settings is called:
Answer
Selected Answer:
practical intelligence.
Correct Answer:
practical intelligence.
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Deshawn has an English test where he has to provide the definitions of vocabulary words. This test requires ________ intelligence.
Answer
Selected Answer:
crystallized
Correct Answer:
crystallized
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Poverty experienced during ________ will be most likely to have deleterious effects on intelligence.
Answer
Selected Answer:
early childhood
Correct Answer:
early childhood
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Asian and African cultures are more likely than Western cultures to include ________ in their conceptualization of intelligence.
Answer
Selected Answer:
social cooperativeness
Correct Answer:
social cooperativeness
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
Correct
The Flynn Effect predicts that:
Answer
Selected Answer:
people probably will have higher intelligence scores than their grandparents.
Correct Answer:
people probably will have higher intelligence scores than their grandparents.
Question 18
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Rose has an intelligence score of 70, but has a remarkable memory for musical performance even when she hears them for the first time. It is likely that:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Rose is a savant.
Correct Answer:
Rose is a savant.
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about emotionally intelligent people?
Answer
Selected Answer:
They exhibit high levels of neural activity when engaged in recognizing facial expressions.
Correct Answer:
They exhibit high levels of neural activity when engaged in recognizing facial expressions.
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
Correct
The first intelligence test was developed in order to:
Answer
Selected Answer:
identify children who needed remedial education.
Correct Answer:
identify children who needed remedial education.