Know the main ideas of the different historical schools of Psychology (Structuralism, James' Functionalism, Behaviorism, Gestalt Psychology)

Difference threshold
Detection threshold
Basic ideas of Psychophysics, including especially Weber's Law

Signal Detection Theory (hit, false alarm, incorrect rejection, correct rejection, d-prime, beta, ROC curve, noise and signal+noise distributions)

Action potentials, neurotransmitter release from vesicles, synapses, axonal bouton, axon hillock, potential
Blind spot, optic nerve
LGN, decussation and contralaterality, retinotopy
Scotopic vs. Photopic vision
Rod and cone distribution on retina
Lateral inhibition, center-surround opponency
Shape of receptive fields in retina, LGN and V1
Brain lobes
Filling-in
Anatomy of the eyeball and beyond, including how signals cross over (decussate) at the optic chiasm
Simple, complex and hypercomplex cells, hypercolumns, ocular dominance columns
Why the Hermann grid illusion happens
Know the different (i.e. opposite) properties of the magno and parvo pathways