#include <iostream>
#include <String>
using namespace std;

class String
{
  struct string_info
  {
		  char* str;
		  int   length;
  } *str_ptr;

  public:
	  String(const char *);
	  String();
	  String(const String &);
	  String& operator=(const char *);
	  String& operator=(const String &);
	  ~String();

	  friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, String&);
	  friend istream& operator>>(istream&, String&);

	  friend int operator==(String& x, char* str)
	  {
		  return strcmp(x.str_ptr->str, str) == 0;
	  }

friend int operator==(String& x, String& y)
	{
	return strcmp(x.str_ptr->str, y.str_ptr->str) == 0;
	}
};

String::String()
{
	str_ptr = new string_info;
	str_ptr->str = 0;
	str_ptr->length = 1;
}

String::String(const char* str)
{
	str_ptr = new string_info;
	str_ptr->str = new char[strlen(str) + 1];
	strcpy(str_ptr->str, str);
	str_ptr->length = 1;
}

String::String(const String& x)
{
	x.str_ptr->length++;
	str_ptr = x.str_ptr;
}

String::~String()
{
	if (--str_ptr->length == 0) {
		delete str_ptr->str;
		delete str_ptr;
	}
}

String& String::operator=(const char* str)
{
	if (str_ptr->length > 1) {    // разъединить себя
		str_ptr->length--;
		str_ptr = new string_info;
	}
	else if (str_ptr->length == 1)
		delete str_ptr->str;

	str_ptr->str = new char[strlen(str) + 1];
	strcpy(str_ptr->str, str);
	str_ptr->length = 1;
	return *this;
}

String& String::operator=(const String& x)
{
	x.str_ptr->length++;
	if (--str_ptr->length == 0) {
		delete str_ptr->str;
		delete str_ptr;
	}
	str_ptr = x.str_ptr;
	return *this;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& str, String& x)
{
	return str << x.str_ptr->str << "\length";
}

istream& operator>>(istream& str, String& x)
{
	char buf[256];
	str >> buf;
	x = buf;
	cout << x << "\length";
	return str;
}

int main()
{

}