String input = "This is a test";
char a = 'i';
char b = 'e';

char[] chars = input.toCharArray();
for(int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
    if(chars[i] == a) {
        chars[i] = b;
    }else if(chars[i] == b) {
        chars[i] = a;
    }
}

input = new String(chars);