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- Question 1
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Brittany is daydreaming in class when her instructor asks her a question. Brittany finds herself replaying in her “mind's ear” the instructor's last words, taking advantage of a process called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- echoic memory.
- Correct Answer:
- echoic memory.
- Question 2
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Research has shown that different aspects of a single memory are stored:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- in different places in the brain.
- Correct Answer:
- in different places in the brain.
- Question 3
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Sensation and perception:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- are related but separate processes.
- Correct Answer:
- are related but separate processes.
- Question 4
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- After practicing how to tie her shoes for months with her mother, Sara can now easily tie her shoes by herself without purposely thinking about the steps. This capability is an example of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- procedural memory.
- Correct Answer:
- procedural memory.
- Question 5
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- The tendency to reconstruct the past according to what is believed or known today is:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- change bias.
- Correct Answer:
- consistency bias.
- Question 6
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- A mother tells her teenage son to turn down his music. The son tells his mom that he will do so and turns the volume down slightly. A minute later, the mother cannot tell that her son complied with her request, and so she yells at him. Apparently, the decrease in volume did not meet the mother's:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- absolute threshold.
- Correct Answer:
- difference threshold.
- Question 7
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- When recalling the morning of September 11, 2001, Rob is able to describe in great detail what he was doing and saying at the moment the principal of his middle school opened the classroom door to advise the class to turn on the television. Rob's ability to describe the day's events in such great detail is an example of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- flashbulb memory.
- Correct Answer:
- flashbulb memory.
- Question 8
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- There are two types of explicit memory, ________ memory, which is for facts and knowledge, and ________ memory for experienced events.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- semantic; episodic
- Correct Answer:
- semantic; episodic
- Question 9
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Courtney is called to the witness stand to testify as an eyewitness against a man accused of first-degree murder. The lawyer interrogating her asks a series of questions about the alleged murderer. The lawyer throws in a question, asking Courtney to describe the tattoo on the left shoulder of the accused man. This question is false—there is no tattoo. The lawyer is using the question to try to discredit Courtney, who says that the tattoo was small and hard to see in detail. The most likely reason for Courtney's mistake is:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- suggestibility.
- Correct Answer:
- suggestibility.
- Question 10
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Steven asked me a question while we were eating dinner at the dining hall. Just after he finished asking the question, my attention was distracted by Thomas, who stood up, walked to the dessert area, and came back with my favorite cheesecake. While I was looking at Thomas's plate, I turned back to Steven. However, I no longer could remember what he asked me just 45 seconds earlier. The reason I could no longer remember was probably that the memory was lost from the ________ memory store because I was not able to ________ the information.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- short-term; rehearse
- Correct Answer:
- short-term; rehearse
- Question 11
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Robert, a successful businessman, was driving to work one day when he was in a terrible car accident. He now cannot remember any new pieces of information for more than a few seconds. However, he is able to remember everything before the accident perfectly clearly. Robert's condition is an example of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- anterograde amnesia.
- Correct Answer:
- anterograde amnesia.
- Question 12
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- Which of the following is not a reason why sensory adaptation is a useful process?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- An unchanging stimulus is less likely to require immediate action.
- Correct Answer:
- Stimuli that change frequently usually are of no consequence and therefore not important to sense.
- Question 13
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A psychologist is questioning Hunter about his childhood memories. Hunter is telling the psychologist the story of his favorite Christmas present, a trip to Disneyland. His memories of the present and the trip itself are very clear; however, Hunter believes that the present came from his Uncle Charley, when in fact it was from his Aunt Bertha. This type of error in memory is known as:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- misattribution.
- Correct Answer:
- misattribution.
- Question 14
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The absolute threshold is the:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- minimal intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus.
- Correct Answer:
- minimal intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus.
- Question 15
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Chad recalls that Jack the Ripper was a serial killer who terrorized London in 1888, but he has no idea if he originally learned this information from a book, a television show, a movie, or a story from another person. Chad is experiencing a failure of ________ memory.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- source
- Correct Answer:
- source
- Question 16
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Hafa just completed a course in calculus. Based on knowledge about the curve of forgetting, we can predict that:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- most of what Hafa will forget about calculus will occur shortly after completing the course.
- Correct Answer:
- most of what Hafa will forget about calculus will occur shortly after completing the course.
- Question 17
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- Sensation occurs:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- when the brain interprets a perception.
- Correct Answer:
- as the body interacts with the physical world.
- Question 18
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The process of organization, identification, and interpretation of a sensation in order to form a mental representation is called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- perception.
- Correct Answer:
- perception.
- Question 19
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The process of converting physical signals from the environment into neural signals sent to the central nervous system is called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- transduction.
- Correct Answer:
- transduction.
- Question 20
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Danielle is playing Trivial Pursuit and is asked to name the seven castaways on the Gilligan's Island TV show. She names all but one. She feels sure she knows the name and thinks the first initial is G, but she cannot come up with the answer. Danielle is experiencing:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
- Correct Answer:
- tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
- Question 1
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- According to Shelley Taylor, the female response to stress is to ________, whereas the male response more often is ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- tend-and-befriend; fight-or-flight
- Correct Answer:
- tend-and-befriend; fight-or-flight
- Question 2
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- After Sally was raped, she had recurring nightmares of the event and began to avoid men. She received a diagnosis of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- post-traumatic stress disorder.
- Correct Answer:
- post-traumatic stress disorder.
- Question 3
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- After working for 15 years as an emergency room technician, Ralph is physically, mentally, and emotionally exhausted. Ralph probably suffers from:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- burnout.
- Correct Answer:
- burnout.
- Question 4
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Bea was under a great deal of stress at work, and her health had started to suffer. Her doctor treated her using ________; Bea had sensors attached to various parts of her body and watched her vital signs on a computer screen until she learned to relax.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- biofeedback
- Correct Answer:
- biofeedback
- Question 5
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Because Estevan had studied well ahead of time, he regarded the final exam as a(n) ________ instead of a ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- challenge; threat
- Correct Answer:
- challenge; threat
- Question 6
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Chronic stressors ________ the immune system.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- wear down
- Correct Answer:
- wear down
- Question 7
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- In order to avoid burnout, people in high-stress jobs would be advised to do any of the following EXCEPT:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- arrive at work an hour early to be better prepared for daily challenges.
- Correct Answer:
- arrive at work an hour early to be better prepared for daily challenges.
- Question 8
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Meditation, prayer, and yoga have elements in common with:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- relaxation therapy.
- Correct Answer:
- relaxation therapy.
- Question 9
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Stress is to a ________ as a stressor is to a ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- response; stimulus
- Correct Answer:
- response; stimulus
- Question 10
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Susan's husband took her to the doctor because she woke up unable to see. After exhaustive tests, the physician found nothing physically wrong. After a few months, Susan regained her sight. She had likely been suffering from:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- conversion disorder.
- Correct Answer:
- conversion disorder.
- Question 11
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Suzanne Kobasa studied a group of stress-resistant business executives, suggesting that they shared a trait she called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- hardiness.
- Correct Answer:
- hardiness.
- Question 12
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The ________ refers to an emotional and physiological reaction to an emergency that increases our readiness for action.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- fight-or-flight response
- Correct Answer:
- fight-or-flight response
- Question 13
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The behavior pattern characterized by a tendency toward easily aroused anger, impatience, a sense of urgency, and competition is called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Type A.
- Correct Answer:
- Type A.
- Question 14
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The phase of the general adaptation syndrome in which the body uses energy to draw on its stores of fat and muscle is called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- alarm.
- Correct Answer:
- alarm.
- Question 15
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Those who react with ________ to stress are most likely to develop premature heart disease.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- anger and hostility
- Correct Answer:
- anger and hostility
- Question 16
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- What makes a placebo effective is the:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- patient's belief that it will work.
- Correct Answer:
- patient's belief that it will work.
- Question 17
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- When faced with a stressor, people report that the level of stress is ________ when they ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- greatest; perceive that they cannot control stressful events
- Correct Answer:
- greatest; perceive that they cannot control stressful events
- Question 18
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- Which of the following people would be expected to have the lowest levels of anger, depression, and stress?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- James, who stretches for 5 minutes each morning upon waking
- Correct Answer:
- Julie, who walks briskly for 30 minutes five times per week
- Question 19
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Which of the following senior citizens is most likely to suffer from poor health?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- a man who does not exercise and who lives alone
- Correct Answer:
- a man who does not exercise and who lives alone
- Question 20
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Which of the following statements best fits the definition of reframing as a stress control technique?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Julie reduces her anxiety about public speaking by imagining that she is evaluating her audience.
- Correct Answer:
- Julie reduces her anxiety about public speaking by imagining that she is evaluating her audience.
- Question 1
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A behavioral therapy would treat an undesirable behavior by:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- decreasing the reinforcement for that behavior.
- Correct Answer:
- decreasing the reinforcement for that behavior.
- Question 2
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A disorder or symptom that occurs as a result of the treatment itself is called a(n):
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- iatrogenic illness.
- Correct Answer:
- iatrogenic illness.
- Question 3
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- A major complication involving combining medication and psychotherapy is that:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- they often alter brain function in opposing ways.
- Correct Answer:
- it usually requires coordination among several mental health care providers.
- Question 4
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Alfred Adler proposed that emotional conflicts often are the result of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- feelings of inferiority.
- Correct Answer:
- feelings of inferiority.
- Question 5
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- All of the following are major reasons that people use herbal products EXCEPT:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- documented effectiveness.
- Correct Answer:
- documented effectiveness.
- Question 6
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- An ancient biological treatment for mental disorders, evidenced by holes in the skulls, was known as:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- trepanning.
- Correct Answer:
- trepanning.
- Question 7
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Antipsychotic medications work well on ________ symptoms associated with schizophrenia but are less effective on ________ symptoms.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- positive; negative
- Correct Answer:
- positive; negative
- Question 8
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Audrey is suffering from depression that was triggered by a breakup with her boyfriend. She tells her therapist that no man will ever love her. Her therapist challenges the validity of her belief by stating that just because one person broke up with her doesn't mean that all of her relationships will fail. The therapist then has Audrey make a list of all the guys she knows who would probably go out with her on a date. To her surprise, Audrey is able to name a handful and realizes that her belief that no one will love her probably is distorted by the emotional pain from her breakup. Audrey's therapist is using:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- cognitive restructuring.
- Correct Answer:
- cognitive restructuring.
- Question 9
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Culturally determined symbols and myths present in the unconscious and shared by all persons is termed the:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- collective unconscious.
- Correct Answer:
- collective unconscious.
- Question 10
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Dr. Martin uses systematic desensitization to help persons overcome phobias, cognitive restructuring to help alleviate the symptoms of depression, and free association to help people gain insight into their unconscious. Dr. Martin takes a(n) ________ approach to psychotherapy.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- eclectic
- Correct Answer:
- eclectic
- Question 11
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- In their interactions with clients, person-centered therapists are encouraged to demonstrate three basic qualities, ________, ________, and ________, in order for growth to occur.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- congruence; empathy; unconditional positive regard
- Correct Answer:
- congruence; empathy; unconditional positive regard
- Question 12
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Larry tends to descend into a depression beginning every December when the weather is cold and the sky is usually gray. He is likely suffering from ________; a possible treatment is ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- seasonal affective disorder; phototherapy
- Correct Answer:
- seasonal affective disorder; phototherapy
- Question 13
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Psychoanalysts use all the following methods to access the unconscious EXCEPT:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- desensitization.
- Correct Answer:
- desensitization.
- Question 14
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- Psychodynamic approaches to therapy emphasize ________; humanistic and existential approaches emphasize ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- unconscious drives; the effect of the past on current feelings
- Correct Answer:
- a negative view of human nature; a positive view
- Question 15
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Psychotherapy has a risk of being harmful. However, psychotherapists adhere to the ________ to minimize the risk of harm to their patients.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- APA Ethical Standards
- Correct Answer:
- APA Ethical Standards
- Question 16
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Scott is having relationship problems with his wife, Samantha. Scott's therapist directs Scott to pretend that Samantha is sitting in an empty chair across from him. Scott is instructed to say whatever he wants to say to Samantha. Then Scott must switch chairs, assume the role of Samantha, and provide her reply. Scott's therapist is using a ________ technique.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Gestalt
- Correct Answer:
- Gestalt
- Question 17
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- The main reason why the practice of lobotomy ended was:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- the publication of the Code of Ethics by the American Psychological Association.
- Correct Answer:
- the development of antipsychotic medication.
- Question 18
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Virtual reality therapy is a new therapy often used to treat:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- phobias.
- Correct Answer:
- phobias.
- Question 19
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Which of these treatments for psychological problems is most commonly associated with dangerous side effects?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- drug treatment
- Correct Answer:
- drug treatment
- Question 20
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- ________ focuses only on the client's behavior and the situation, whereas ________ focuses on helping a client identify and correct distorted thinking.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Behavior therapy; cognitive therapy
- Correct Answer:
- Behavior therapy; cognitive therapy
- Question 1
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- “You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours” illustrates the principle of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- social exchange.
- Correct Answer:
- reciprocal altruism.
- Question 2
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A ________ is a simple shortcut or “rule of thumb.”
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- heuristic
- Correct Answer:
- heuristic
- Question 3
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Another term for correspondence bias is:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- the fundamental attribution error.
- Correct Answer:
- the fundamental attribution error.
- Question 4
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Customary standards for behavior that are widely shared by members of a culture are called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- norms.
- Correct Answer:
- norms.
- Question 5
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- In the Milgram obedience studies, participants rarely obeyed the instructions when the:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- experimenter wasn't wearing a lab coat.
- Correct Answer:
- experimenter wasn't wearing a lab coat.
- Question 6
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Inferences about the causes of people's behavior are termed:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- attributions.
- Correct Answer:
- attributions.
- Question 7
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- People in a mob situation are more likely to stray from their own moral values, illustrating the phenomenon of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- deindividuation.
- Correct Answer:
- deindividuation.
- Question 8
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Producers of TV comedy shows have sometimes used laugh tracks. These producers were subjecting viewers to:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- informational influence.
- Correct Answer:
- informational influence.
- Question 9
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Professor Anderson believes that Mary's failing grade on the examination was due to her having three other examinations that day. Professor Anderson is making a(n) ________ attribution.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- situational
- Correct Answer:
- situational
- Question 10
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Social behavior has evolved primarily:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- because it aids in survival and reproduction.
- Correct Answer:
- because it aids in survival and reproduction.
- Question 11
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The ________ motive states that we are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- hedonic motive
- Correct Answer:
- hedonic motive
- Question 12
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The disturbing state that arises when you recognize the inconsistency of your actions, attitudes, or beliefs is called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- cognitive dissonance.
- Correct Answer:
- cognitive dissonance.
- Question 13
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The hypothesis that people stay in relationships as long as they perceive a favorable ratio of costs to benefits is known as:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- social exchange.
- Correct Answer:
- social exchange.
- Question 14
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The study of social behavior is best described as:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- studying how people interact with each other.
- Correct Answer:
- studying how people interact with each other.
- Question 15
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The tendency to do what others are doing simply because they are doing it is:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- conformity.
- Correct Answer:
- conformity.
- Question 16
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The tendency to make situational attributions for our own behaviors while making dispositional attributions for the identical behavior of others is called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- the actor-observer effect.
- Correct Answer:
- the actor-observer effect.
- Question 17
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- When Jimmy was growing up, his parents frequently told him he was “no good” and wouldn't amount to anything. Jimmy grew up to be a bitter, angry, destructive adult. His parents said, “We always knew this would happen.” This result is an example of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- the self-fulfilling prophecy.
- Correct Answer:
- the self-fulfilling prophecy.
- Question 18
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- When people's goals are thwarted, they often harm others. This phenomenon is referred to as:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- the frustration-aggression hypothesis.
- Correct Answer:
- the frustration-aggression hypothesis.
- Question 19
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Which old proverb best describes the research findings concerning attraction?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- “Birds of a feather flock together.”
- Correct Answer:
- “Birds of a feather flock together.”
- Question 20
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- Which statement about aggression by women is TRUE?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Women are more likely than men to aggress in ways that cause psychological injury.
- Correct Answer:
- Women are more likely than males to aggress by causing social harm.
- Question 1
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Emily is working with a psychologist who focuses on Emily's positive characteristics and her potential for growth. To which type of orientation does this psychologist subscribe?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- humanistic
- Correct Answer:
- humanistic
- Question 2
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- At work, Christine's boss yelled at her. Christine came home from work and yelled at her kids. Which defense mechanism was Christine using?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- displacement
- Correct Answer:
- displacement
- Question 3
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The id operates on the ________ principle.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- pleasure
- Correct Answer:
- pleasure
- Question 4
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A key feature of projective techniques to assess personality is the use of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- ambiguous objects designed to elicit unique responses.
- Correct Answer:
- ambiguous objects designed to elicit unique responses.
- Question 5
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- When Lisa received a paper with a D grade, she immediately told her friends (and herself) that it didn't matter because she had intended to drop the course all along. Which of the following defense mechanisms was Lisa using?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- rationalization
- Correct Answer:
- rationalization
- Question 6
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A ________ can be described as a relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- trait
- Correct Answer:
- trait
- Question 7
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Abby is a psychologist who studies personality. Which type of instrument would she most likely use in asking people about how they act or think in particular situations?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- self-report inventory
- Correct Answer:
- self-report inventory
- Question 8
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The ________ states that the personality differences between men and women result from cultural standards and expectations.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- social role theory
- Correct Answer:
- social role theory
- Question 9
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- When her roommate asked Connie why she wasn't studying for a big test scheduled for the next day, Connie replied, “It doesn't make any difference whether I study or not. I just know I'll make a low grade because I have such bad luck.” It is likely that Connie has a(n):
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- external locus of control.
- Correct Answer:
- external locus of control.
- Question 10
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- ________ is an active system struggling to control a lifetime of hidden memories, instincts, and desires.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- The dynamic unconscious
- Correct Answer:
- The dynamic unconscious
- Question 11
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- In junior high school, Tyler really liked Jada and would have liked to date her. Instead, Tyler was mean to Jada and teased her. Which defense mechanism was Tyler using?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- reaction formation
- Correct Answer:
- reaction formation
- Question 12
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Freud thought people went through a series of distinct early life stages through which personality was formed. What were these stages called?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- psychosexual stages of development
- Correct Answer:
- psychosexual stages of development
- Question 13
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The ________ is a personality test that reveals underlying motives and concerns of respondents and how the respondents see the social world through the stories they create about ambiguous pictures of people.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Thematic Apperception Test
- Correct Answer:
- Thematic Apperception Test
- Question 14
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Which of the following statements about gender and personality is FALSE?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Men engage in more social relationship aggression (e.g., ignoring someone) than women.
- Correct Answer:
- Men engage in more social relationship aggression (e.g., ignoring someone) than women.
- Question 15
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- All of the following are aspects of personality EXCEPT:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- sensing.
- Correct Answer:
- sensing.
- Question 16
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Psychoanalytic theory says that when a person's pleasure-seeking drives become psychologically stuck, or arrested, at a particular psychosexual stage, they are:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- fixated.
- Correct Answer:
- fixated.
- Question 17
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Presented as a continuum, which of these Big Five personality factor ranges from worried to calm?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- neuroticism
- Correct Answer:
- neuroticism
- Question 18
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Defense mechanisms are ________ because they ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- useful; help us overcome anxiety
- Correct Answer:
- useful; help us overcome anxiety
- Question 19
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- According to Freud, a different bodily region dominates the child's subjective experience during each stage of development. He called this region a(n):
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- erotogenic zone.
- Correct Answer:
- erotogenic zone.
- Question 20
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- According to Freud, personality is largely determined by:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- interactions between the id, ego, and superego.
- Correct Answer:
- interactions between the id, ego, and superego.
- Question 1
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Daniel does not communicate well with others. As a result, he has few friends and does not understand the emotions of others. Although he has profound social deficits, his score on a standardized intelligence test was in the normal range. Daniel probably has which of the following disorders?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- autism
- Correct Answer:
- autism
- Question 2
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- In the strange situation, 1-year-old Mei Ling mildly protests her mother's departure, seeks interaction with her mother when the two are reunited, and is readily comforted by her mother. Mei Ling is showing a(n) ________ attachment style.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- secure
- Correct Answer:
- secure
- Question 3
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- About ________ percent of the growth of the brain occurs outside of the womb.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- 75
- Correct Answer:
- 75
- Question 4
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Which of the following is NOT one of the three fundamental skills that allow children to learn from others?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- assimilation
- Correct Answer:
- assimilation
- Question 5
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- According to John Bowlby, babies are born with behaviors such as crying, smiling, and cooing in order to:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- make it more likely that the primary caregiver remains close to them.
- Correct Answer:
- make it more likely that the primary caregiver remains close to them.
- Question 6
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Anthony is able to think about “what might be,” not only about “what is.” According to Piaget, Anthony is in which stage of cognitive development?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- formal operational
- Correct Answer:
- formal operational
- Question 7
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- Babies whose mothers smoke tobacco during pregnancy are more likely to have all of these EXCEPT:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- perceptual problems.
- Correct Answer:
- distinctive facial features.
- Question 8
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Beatriz is 2 years old; when her brother tells her to hide, she covers her face with a blanket. This is a good example of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- egocentrism.
- Correct Answer:
- egocentrism.
- Question 9
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Five-year-old Latoya watches her father place a ball in each of six bowls. She agrees that there are just as many balls as bowls. Her father then removes the balls and spreads them out in a row that extends beyond the row of bowls. Latoya says there are now more balls than bowls. According to Piaget, Latoya lacks the concept of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- conservation.
- Correct Answer:
- conservation.
- Question 10
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- For Lawrence Kohlberg, moral development unfolds in the following sequence: emphasis on ________, then emphasis on ________, and finally, emphasis on ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- consequences; social roles; ethical principles
- Correct Answer:
- consequences; social roles; ethical principles
- Question 11
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- Harry Harlow found that the social and cognitive deficits exhibited by monkeys raised in isolation for their first six months of life:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- were evident in monkeys raised with a wire mother surrogate but not in monkeys raised with a terry-cloth mother surrogate.
- Correct Answer:
- were severe and long-lasting.
- Question 12
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- How do researchers know that infants can tell the difference between a physically impossible and physically possible event?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Infants will stare longer at the impossible event than the possible event.
- Correct Answer:
- Infants will stare longer at the impossible event than the possible event.
- Question 13
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- In Piaget's view, ________ are theories about or models of the way the world works.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- schemas
- Correct Answer:
- schemas
- Question 14
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Infants learn to control their elbows and knees before their hands and feet, which illustrates the ________ rule.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- proximodistal
- Correct Answer:
- proximodistal
- Question 15
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Isabel, a newborn, turns her head toward a stimulus that strokes her cheek. Isabel is showing the ________ reflex.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- rooting
- Correct Answer:
- rooting
- Question 16
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Isabel, who just had her first birthday, sees a butterfly and exclaims, “Bird!” “No, that's a butterfly,” says her grandmother. The next time Isabel sees a butterfly, she says, “Butterfly!” According to Piaget, Isabel has just shown:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- accommodation.
- Correct Answer:
- accommodation.
- Question 17
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Jack is an infant who loves to play peek-a-boo with his father. He seems amazed that his father “reappears” after hiding his face behind his hands. Jack probably enjoys peek-a-boo because he does not yet understand:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- object permanence.
- Correct Answer:
- object permanence.
- Question 18
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Maria and Carlos purchase a mobile for their newborn's crib to keep his attention. After a period of time, the infant may stop paying attention to the mobile. This is an example of which of the following processes?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- habituation
- Correct Answer:
- habituation
- Question 19
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The word teratogen refers to the:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- agent that can damage the process of development.
- Correct Answer:
- agent that can damage the process of development.
- Question 20
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Two-year-old Peter has short eye openings, a flat midface, an indistinct ridge under his nose, and a thin upper lip. An alert pediatrician is likely to diagnose:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- fetal alcohol syndrome.
- Correct Answer:
- fetal alcohol syndrome.
- Question 1
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Men typically outscore women on tests that involve:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- spatial memory.
- Correct Answer:
- spatial memory.
- Question 2
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- Intelligence scores among identical twins are ________ correlated when the twins are raised in the same household, and are ________ correlated when the twins are separated at birth and raised in different households.
- Answer
- Selected Answer: [None Given]
- Correct Answer:
- strongly; strongly
- Question 3
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Suzie displays the mental ability typical of a 6-year-old child. Therefore, her mental age is:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- 6.
- Correct Answer:
- 6.
- Question 4
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Robert Sternberg suggested that there are three kinds of intelligence, which include all of the following EXCEPT:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- emotional intelligence.
- Correct Answer:
- emotional intelligence.
- Question 5
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Research suggests the reason why first-born children have higher IQs than their siblings is that first-born children:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- have exclusive access to their parents' child-rearing until siblings are born.
- Correct Answer:
- have exclusive access to their parents' child-rearing until siblings are born.
- Question 6
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- Studies suggest that practical, analytic, and creative intelligence are:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- very highly related to each other.
- Correct Answer:
- independent of each other.
- Question 7
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Deanna has an intelligence score of 98. At 10 years of age, she is a classically trained professional singer performing in opera houses around the world. It is likely that:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Deanna is a prodigy.
- Correct Answer:
- Deanna is a prodigy.
- Question 8
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- The two-factor theory of intelligence predicts a ________ correlation between solving algebra problems and musical ability.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- perfect
- Correct Answer:
- positive
- Question 9
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- In the three-level hierarchy of intelligence tests, ________ is/are at the top, ________ is/are in the middle, and ________ is/are at the bottom.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- group factors; general factor; specific factors
- Correct Answer:
- general factor; group factors; specific factors
- Question 10
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- Modern intelligence tests:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- remain highly culturally biased.
- Correct Answer:
- have few, if any, questions with a clear cultural bias.
- Question 11
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- Intelligence tests measure:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- the correlation between the ability to answer questions and perform tasks and intelligence.
- Correct Answer:
- the ability to answer questions and perform tasks that are highly correlated with the consequences of intelligence.
- Question 12
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- Alfred Binet believed that, over the lifetime, intelligence:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- tended to reliably increase.
- Correct Answer:
- could be altered based on experiences.
- Question 13
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The ability to apply and implement solutions in everyday settings is called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- practical intelligence.
- Correct Answer:
- practical intelligence.
- Question 14
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Deshawn has an English test where he has to provide the definitions of vocabulary words. This test requires ________ intelligence.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- crystallized
- Correct Answer:
- crystallized
- Question 15
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Poverty experienced during ________ will be most likely to have deleterious effects on intelligence.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- early childhood
- Correct Answer:
- early childhood
- Question 16
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Asian and African cultures are more likely than Western cultures to include ________ in their conceptualization of intelligence.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- social cooperativeness
- Correct Answer:
- social cooperativeness
- Question 17
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The Flynn Effect predicts that:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- people probably will have higher intelligence scores than their grandparents.
- Correct Answer:
- people probably will have higher intelligence scores than their grandparents.
- Question 18
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Rose has an intelligence score of 70, but has a remarkable memory for musical performance even when she hears them for the first time. It is likely that:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Rose is a savant.
- Correct Answer:
- Rose is a savant.
- Question 19
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Which of the following is a FALSE statement about emotionally intelligent people?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- They exhibit high levels of neural activity when engaged in recognizing facial expressions.
- Correct Answer:
- They exhibit high levels of neural activity when engaged in recognizing facial expressions.
- Question 20
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The first intelligence test was developed in order to:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- identify children who needed remedial education.
- Correct Answer:
- identify children who needed remedial education.
- Question 1
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A survival strategy used by our ancestors to avoid starvation was:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- storing excess calories as fat.
- Correct Answer:
- storing excess calories as fat.
- Question 2
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- According to Abraham Maslow, ________ needs are the first to be satisfied, while ________ needs are the last.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- physiological; self-actualization
- Correct Answer:
- physiological; self-actualization
- Question 3
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- According to Gestalt psychologists, insights reflect:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- a spontaneous restructuring of a problem.
- Correct Answer:
- a spontaneous restructuring of a problem.
- Question 4
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- America's most pernicious and pervasive eating-related problem is:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- obesity.
- Correct Answer:
- obesity.
- Question 5
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Amir is of the Islamic faith. According to the mortality-salience hypothesis, if reminded of the inevitability of his own physical death, Amir probably will:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- grow stronger in the Islamic faith.
- Correct Answer:
- grow stronger in the Islamic faith.
- Question 6
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- An internal state generated by departures from physiological optimality is called a(n):
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- drive.
- Correct Answer:
- drive.
- Question 7
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Because he is a hopeless romantic, Chad buys his wife a single red rose for no particular reason while grocery shopping. Realizing that he doesn't own a vase, he also buys the only one the supermarket has in stock, which is rather expensive. Upon coming home, his wife says, “Thanks for the rose, but is the vase really necessary? We can just put it in one of your many empty wine bottles that litter the kitchen.” Chad's failure to realize that a wine bottle can serve as a makeshift, yet romantic, vase is an example of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- functional fixedness.
- Correct Answer:
- functional fixedness.
- Question 8
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Existential terror deals with the:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- inevitability of death.
- Correct Answer:
- inevitability of death.
- Question 9
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Gisela is anorexic. It is likely that she can be described by all the following EXCEPT:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- “impulsive.”
- Correct Answer:
- “impulsive.”
- Question 10
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Items that are more accessible in memory are judged as having occurred more frequently. This mindbug of decision making is called the:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- availability bias.
- Correct Answer:
- availability bias.
- Question 11
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Mark puts in long hours studying for his psychology tests. He already has an A in the course, but he really has a desire to know the material well. Mark's behavior is characteristic of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- intrinsic motivation.
- Correct Answer:
- intrinsic motivation.
- Question 12
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Paul is deep in credit card debt. His goal state is to be debt-free, but he doesn't have nearly enough money to pay off his debt at the moment. According to a means-end analysis, Paul should:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- take small steps to move from his current situation to one that is closer to his end goal; by meeting small goals, eventually he will be debt-free.
- Correct Answer:
- take small steps to move from his current situation to one that is closer to his end goal; by meeting small goals, eventually he will be debt-free.
- Question 13
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- People who frequently engage in risky behaviors are extremely insensitive to the ________ of their behavior.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- future consequences
- Correct Answer:
- future consequences
- Question 14
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Research suggests that, all else being equal, ________ tends to be more powerful than ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- avoidance motivation; approach motivation
- Correct Answer:
- avoidance motivation; approach motivation
- Question 15
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Shannon has been married for 20 years. She feels miserable in her marriage but refuses to consider getting a divorce; she feels that a divorce would completely waste all of the hard work she has put into making the marriage work for 20 years. Shannon's line of reasoning best illustrates the:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- sunk-cost fallacy.
- Correct Answer:
- sunk-cost fallacy.
- Question 16
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Some school districts across the United States are considering paying children to attend school. This strategy is likely to ________ because ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- fail; it makes an intrinsic activity into an extrinsic activity
- Correct Answer:
- fail; it makes an intrinsic activity into an extrinsic activity
- Question 17
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Tom is considering moving to a new city. He reads that the employment rate in that city is 90%, which he thinks is very favorable. Ted is considering moving to the same city, but he reads that the unemployment rate is 10%, which he thinks is unacceptably high. Why would Tom and Ted reach such different conclusions based on the same statistics?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Tom received information that was framed in a favorable way, whereas Ted received the exact same information but framed in an unfavorable way.
- Correct Answer:
- Tom received information that was framed in a favorable way, whereas Ted received the exact same information but framed in an unfavorable way.
- Question 18
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- When presented with a problem, the first step in means-ends analysis is to:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- analyze the final goal state that you would like to achieve.
- Correct Answer:
- analyze the final goal state that you would like to achieve.
- Question 19
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- When we solve a problem by finding a similar problem with a known solution (and then apply it), we are engaged in:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- analogical problem solving.
- Correct Answer:
- analogical problem solving.
- Question 20
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- ________ are “mental shortcuts” that may or may not be effective, whereas ________ are well-defined rules that guarantee a solution to a problem.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Heuristics; algorithms
- Correct Answer:
- Heuristics; algorithms
- Question 1
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- When a neutral stimulus evokes a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally evokes a response, the result is an example of which of the following phenomena?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- classical conditioning
- Correct Answer:
- classical conditioning
- Question 2
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- When your 3-year-old sister threw a tantrum over the candy she wanted, your mother gave it to her so that she would calm down. Although counterproductive in the long-run, in that moment, your mother's behavior was being ________ by ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- negatively reinforced; the end of the tantrum
- Correct Answer:
- negatively reinforced; the end of the tantrum
- Question 3
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A shy and timid child works up the courage to raise his hand to answer a question. The teacher calls on him and the child delivers an excellent answer. The teacher exclaims, “That is the best answer I have heard all week! Great job! Come up to the front of the room to get a sticker!” Unfortunately, the child found all of this attention unpleasant, and no longer answers questions in class. His behavior of answering questions was:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- positively punished.
- Correct Answer:
- positively punished.
- Question 4
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Molly's mail carrier delivers the mail promptly at noon each day. Molly never checks her mailbox in the morning, but always checks it at 12:05 p.m. Molly's mail carrier has her on what kind of schedule?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- fixed interval
- Correct Answer:
- fixed interval
- Question 5
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A type of learning in which the consequences of an organism's behavior determine whether or not it will be repeated is called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- operant conditioning.
- Correct Answer:
- operant conditioning.
- Question 6
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Reinforcers ________ and punishers ________ the future probability of the behavior that led to these respective consequences.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- increase; decrease
- Correct Answer:
- increase; decrease
- Question 7
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Extinction in operant conditioning involves:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- no longer presenting the reinforcer when the response occurs.
- Correct Answer:
- no longer presenting the reinforcer when the response occurs.
- Question 8
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period is called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- spontaneous recovery.
- Correct Answer:
- spontaneous recovery.
- Question 9
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Positive reinforcers ________ and negative reinforcers ________ the future probability of the behavior that led to these respective consequences.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- increase; increase
- Correct Answer:
- increase; increase
- Question 10
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- When your dog's veterinarian advised you to feed your dog in the morning instead of in the evening, it took several days for your dog to stop salivating late in the afternoon as you stirred around in the kitchen. This is an example of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- extinction.
- Correct Answer:
- extinction.
- Question 11
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Billy Bob's Big Burger Barn is your favorite restaurant, and lately you've noticed that every time you walk by there on your way to class, your mouth starts to salivate. In this incidence of classical conditioning, the sight of the restaurant is the ________; your salivation is the ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- CS; CR
- Correct Answer:
- CS; CR
- Question 12
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- When external rewards undermine the intrinsic satisfaction of performing a behavior, the ________ is operating.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- overjustification effect
- Correct Answer:
- overjustification effect
- Question 13
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- In his experiment with Little Albert, one of John Watson's goals was to show that:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- fear can be learned by means of classical conditioning.
- Correct Answer:
- fear can be learned by means of classical conditioning.
- Question 14
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- B. F. Skinner believed that superstitions:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- resulted from the unintended reinforcement of inconsequential behavior.
- Correct Answer:
- resulted from the unintended reinforcement of inconsequential behavior.
- Question 15
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Slot machines pay off on schedules that are determined by the random number generator that controls the play of the machine. For example, on average, the machine might pay off every 100 pulls, but sometimes two pulls are required and sometimes several hundred pulls are required. Slot machines are a real-world example of a ________ schedule.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- variable ratio
- Correct Answer:
- variable ratio
- Question 16
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A parent spanked a child for misbehaving, and the misbehavior stopped. By definition, the spanking served as a ________ for the misbehavior.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- positive punisher
- Correct Answer:
- positive punisher
- Question 17
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The learning process involves the ________ of new knowledge, skills, or responses as a function of ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- acquisition; experience
- Correct Answer:
- acquisition; experience
- Question 18
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Not only did Little Albert learn to fear white rats, he also cried when presented with a Santa Claus mask or a seal-fur coat. This behavior was the result of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- stimulus generalization.
- Correct Answer:
- stimulus generalization.
- Question 19
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Tammy ate raw oysters for the first time and, four hours later, became extremely sick to her stomach. Now, the smell of oysters makes her stomach queasy. What is the CR?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- stomach queasiness at the smell of oysters
- Correct Answer:
- stomach queasiness at the smell of oysters
- Question 20
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- In second-order conditioning, what is the US?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- a previously established CS
- Correct Answer:
- a previously established CS
- Question 1
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- As a newly graduated registered nurse, Monica works the night shift. Her struggle to stay alert at work is probably due to an interruption of her usual:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- circadian rhythm.
- Correct Answer:
- circadian rhythm.
- Question 2
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The most commonly reported sleep disorder is:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- insomnia.
- Correct Answer:
- insomnia.
- Question 3
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The primary problem with Freud's approach to dream analysis is that:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- the latent content of a dream can be interpreted in many ways.
- Correct Answer:
- the latent content of a dream can be interpreted in many ways.
- Question 4
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- In the middle of a conversation, your friend suddenly falls deeply asleep. When he awakens, he informs you that this has happened on several occasions when he becomes excited. Your friend probably has a disorder known as:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- narcolepsy.
- Correct Answer:
- narcolepsy.
- Question 5
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- ________ is a sleep disorder associated with an interruption in breathing for short periods of time.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Sleep apnea
- Correct Answer:
- Sleep apnea
- Question 6
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A criticism of Freud's interpretations of Freudian slips is that:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- they reflect the after-the-fact interpretation of the listener, instead of the thoughts of the speaker.
- Correct Answer:
- they reflect the after-the-fact interpretation of the listener, instead of the thoughts of the speaker.
- Question 7
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Which of the following statements about sleepwalking is TRUE?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Sleepwalkers can hurt themselves while walking.
- Correct Answer:
- Sleepwalkers can hurt themselves while walking.
- Question 8
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The four basic properties of consciousness are:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- intentionality, unity, selectivity, and transience.
- Correct Answer:
- intentionality, unity, selectivity, and transience.
- Question 9
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Freud described the ________ as an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, a person's deepest instincts and desires, and that person's inner struggle to control these forces.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- dynamic unconscious
- Correct Answer:
- dynamic unconscious
- Question 10
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- Katie is in the school gym talking to a group of her friends. All of a sudden, her attention is diverted to another group of people talking in the opposite corner of the gym when someone mentions her name in their conversation. This is an example of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- dichotic listening.
- Correct Answer:
- the cocktail party phenomenon.
- Question 11
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Disapproving of her friend Amy's fiancé, Mindy told her boyfriend that she dreaded going to Amy's funeral when she meant to say “Amy's wedding.” This speech error is an example of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- a Freudian slip.
- Correct Answer:
- a Freudian slip.
- Question 12
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- REM sleep deprivation results in:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- difficulty processing new information and hyposensitivity to pain.
- Correct Answer:
- memory problems and excessive aggression.
- Question 13
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Jenny is trying to study for her psychology exam while listening to her favorite music on the radio. She feels distracted and doesn't understand why. The inability to study and listen to music simultaneously is an example of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- the unity of consciousness.
- Correct Answer:
- the unity of consciousness.
- Question 14
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Jeremy did not recall that he had been abused as a child until he was 35 years old. This is an example of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- repression.
- Correct Answer:
- repression.
- Question 15
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Six-year-old Jake awakened from stage 4 sleep with signs of intense arousal, including a racing pulse, rapid respiration, and powerful feelings of fear. Jake has probably experienced:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- night terrors.
- Correct Answer:
- night terrors.
- Question 16
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind is called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- an altered state of consciousness.
- Correct Answer:
- an altered state of consciousness.
- Question 17
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- ________ influence consciousness by altering brain neurotransmission.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Psychoactive drugs
- Correct Answer:
- Psychoactive drugs
- Question 18
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- The mental technique of thought suppression:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- is an unconscious technique.
- Correct Answer:
- is the conscious avoidance of a thought.
- Question 19
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Sometimes people experience sensations of falling ________, a phenomenon termed:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- while falling asleep; hypnic jerk.
- Correct Answer:
- while falling asleep; hypnic jerk.
- Question 20
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Patrick used to only have to drink 2 cups of coffee in the morning to feel energized. Now, 2 months later, Patrick needs 4 cups of coffee to feel the same amount of energy. Patrick is likely experiencing:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- drug tolerance.
- Correct Answer:
- drug tolerance.
- Question 1
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- When walking home alone late one night, you are startled by a moving shadow that you glimpse out of the corner of your eye. The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system mobilizes your body's defenses. When you see that the shadow is just the neighbor's cat, the ________ division lessens your physiological arousal.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- sympathetic; parasympathetic
- Correct Answer:
- sympathetic; parasympathetic
- Question 2
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A(n) ________ is a drug that increases the action of a neurotransmitter.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- agonist
- Correct Answer:
- agonist
- Question 3
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Losing some areas of brain structure is incompatible with survival, ending basic life functions such as regulation of breathing and heart rate. For this reason, you may not survive damage to your:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- hindbrain.
- Correct Answer:
- hindbrain.
- Question 4
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The flow of information within a neuron is ________, whereas the flow of information between neurons is ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- electrical; chemical
- Correct Answer:
- electrical; chemical
- Question 5
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- An electrical signal that is conducted along the length of a neuron's axon to a synapse is called a(n):
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- action potential.
- Correct Answer:
- action potential.
- Question 6
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The gap between one neuron's axon and a dendrite or cell body of another neuron is part of the:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- synapse.
- Correct Answer:
- synapse.
- Question 7
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- In the age-old debate between the influences of nature vs. nurture on human behavior, the general consensus is that:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- both nature and nurture are important determinants of human behavior.
- Correct Answer:
- both nature and nurture are important determinants of human behavior.
- Question 8
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Boyd was jumped from behind by a group of attackers and was struck in the head. As a result of the attack, Boyd suffered from partial blindness even though his eyes were not physically damaged. Boyd most likely suffered damage to which cortical lobe?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- occipital
- Correct Answer:
- occipital
- Question 9
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- ________ are cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information-processing tasks.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Neurons
- Correct Answer:
- Neurons
- Question 10
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- While Jane was running hot water for her son's bath, she touched the hot water pouring out and immediately pulled back her hand. This reaction resulted from activation of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- a spinal reflex.
- Correct Answer:
- a spinal reflex.
- Question 11
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Which type of neuron receives information from the external world and conveys this information to the brain?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- sensory neuron
- Correct Answer:
- sensory neuron
- Question 12
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The left brain hemisphere receives sensory input from the ________ and sends motor commands to the ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- right side of the body; right side of the body
- Correct Answer:
- right side of the body; right side of the body
- Question 13
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The ________ is the largest commissure connecting the two hemispheres of the brain.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- corpus callosum
- Correct Answer:
- corpus callosum
- Question 14
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex has more area devoted to processing:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- more sensitive areas of the body, like the mouth.
- Correct Answer:
- more sensitive areas of the body, like the mouth.
- Question 15
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke provided some of the earliest evidence that:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- there are separate areas of the brain for speech production and for speech comprehension.
- Correct Answer:
- there are separate areas of the brain for speech production and for speech comprehension.
- Question 16
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Every morning after a vigorous workout in which he swims laps at the local YMCA, Jim feels great. His aches and pains are reduced and his mood is elevated. This is probably due to the release of ________ in the brain.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- endorphins
- Correct Answer:
- endorphins
- Question 17
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The ________ releases hormones that direct the functions of many other glands in the body.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- pituitary gland
- Correct Answer:
- pituitary gland
- Question 18
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The communication chemicals that actually cross the synaptic gap between axons and dendrites are:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- neurotransmitters.
- Correct Answer:
- neurotransmitters.
- Question 19
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- A copper wire is to wire insulation as a(n) ________ is to a(n) ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- myelin sheath; glial cell
- Correct Answer:
- axon; myelin sheath
- Question 20
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The ________ receive information; the ________ transmit information.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- dendrites; axons
- Correct Answer:
- dendrites; axons
- Question 1
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A reliable measure is one that:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- tends to produce the same result whenever it is used to measure the same thing.
- Correct Answer:
- tends to produce the same result whenever it is used to measure the same thing.
- Question 2
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A testable prediction derived from a theory is termed a(n):
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- hypothesis.
- Correct Answer:
- hypothesis.
- Question 3
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Dr. Sardonicus learned of a woman whose tongue turned a bright shade of green whenever she felt stressed. Although this is a rare event in the general population, Dr. Sardonicus nonetheless interviewed the woman at great length and made detailed observations about her behavior. Dr. Sardonicus was using ________ to gather data.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- the case method
- Correct Answer:
- the case method
- Question 4
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- According to your textbook, what three things make people especially difficult to study?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- variability, reactivity, and complexity
- Correct Answer:
- variability, reactivity, and complexity
- Question 5
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The closer an experiment is to the real world, the more psychologists can claim it has:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- external validity.
- Correct Answer:
- external validity.
- Question 6
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- What does the third-variable problem indicate?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Two of the variables are correlated with each other only because each is causally related to a third variable.
- Correct Answer:
- Two of the variables are correlated with each other only because each is causally related to a third variable.
- Question 7
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- An experiment in which the true purpose is hidden from the researcher as well as from the participant is called a:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- double-blind experiment.
- Correct Answer:
- double-blind experiment.
- Question 8
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Researchers wanted to see if adults were actually afraid of the dark by exposing them to different levels of light in a room while measuring their heart rates. In this experiment, what are the heart rates of the participants?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- dependent variable
- Correct Answer:
- dependent variable
- Question 9
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- People are difficult to study because they often behave differently when they know that they are being observed, a phenomenon known as:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- reactivity.
- Correct Answer:
- reactivity.
- Question 10
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- When aspects of a setting cause participants to behave the way they think an observer wants them to behave, the problem of ________ is present.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- demand characteristics
- Correct Answer:
- demand characteristics
- Question 11
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- What is the best way to make it less likely that people will be influenced by demand characteristics?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- have them respond anonymously
- Correct Answer:
- keep them from knowing the true purpose of the observation
- Question 12
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The belief that accurate knowledge of the world requires observations of it is called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- empiricism.
- Correct Answer:
- empiricism.
- Question 13
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A researcher wants to assess the effects of varying amounts of alcohol on ratings of perception of friendliness. Three groups of people are given either 1, 3, or 5 beers to drink. Three more groups of people are given either 1, 3, or 5 non-alcoholic beers to drink. Then, all participants are shown a series of pictures of people's faces and are asked to rank the perceived friendliness of each face on a scale from 1 to 10. In this experiment, the independent variable is:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- the amount of alcohol consumed.
- Correct Answer:
- the amount of alcohol consumed.
- Question 14
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- Which of the following statements about divulging the true purpose of an experiment is TRUE?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- The psychologist never has to divulge the true purpose of an experiment.
- Correct Answer:
- The psychologist must divulge the true purpose of the experiment after the person participates.
- Question 15
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Research has shown that there is a correlation between the amount of violence a child sees on TV and the aggressiveness of the child's behavior. One explanation of this correlation is that children who watch a great deal of violence on television have a lack of adult supervision. This explanation is an example of what kind of correlation?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- third-variable
- Correct Answer:
- third-variable
- Question 16
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- What is typically the ultimate goal of the experimental method?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- to observe as many events as possible in a domain of interest
- Correct Answer:
- to discover causal relationships between events
- Question 17
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding deception in psychological research?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Deception can never be used if it puts participants at risk of harm or pain.
- Correct Answer:
- Deception can never be used if it puts participants at risk of harm or pain.
- Question 18
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- In an experiment, researchers exposed half the children to 2 hours of violence on television every day for a month and made sure the other half saw no violence on television at all. At the end of the month, they measured the level of aggressiveness in the children. What is(are) the independent variable(s)?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- amount of violence watched on television
- Correct Answer:
- amount of violence watched on television
- Question 19
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- What is the main advantage of experimentation over correlation in determining causal relationships?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Experimentation offers the possibility of controlling for all potential third variables at once.
- Correct Answer:
- Experimentation offers the possibility of controlling for all potential third variables at once.
- Question 20
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Dr. Strangelove made it clear to his psychology students that if they didn't participate in his research, they would receive a failing grade. What ethical principle has Dr. Strangelove violated?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- freedom from coercion
- Correct Answer:
- freedom from coercion
- Question 1
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Some early philosophers believed that certain kinds of knowledge were innate or inborn, a theory known as:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- nativism.
- Correct Answer:
- nativism.
- Question 2
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A temporary loss of cognitive or motor function, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences, can be defined as:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- hysteria.
- Correct Answer:
- hysteria.
- Question 3
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- An approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior is called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- behaviorism.
- Correct Answer:
- behaviorism.
- Question 4
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- A cognitive psychologist who studied the perceptual and cognitive errors of children in order to gain insight into the nature and development of the human mind was:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- Jean Piaget.
- Correct Answer:
- Jean Piaget.
- Question 5
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Dr. Jones touches specific bumps on a patient's skull and then indicates specific character traits for the patient, for example, “This patient is cautious.” Dr. Jones is engaging in:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- phrenology.
- Correct Answer:
- phrenology.
- Question 6
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Freud emphasized that the problems of many patients could be traced to:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- effects of early childhood experiences that could not be remembered.
- Correct Answer:
- effects of early childhood experiences that could not be remembered.
- Question 7
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Freud's view of human nature was largely ________, whereas the view of humanistic psychologists was largely ________.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- negative; positive
- Correct Answer:
- negative; positive
- Question 8
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Gestalt psychologists believed that:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
- Correct Answer:
- the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
- Question 9
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- If you are having trouble finding your cat, you may try shaking the can that contains his treats. The sound of the treats as you shake the can would be:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- a stimulus.
- Correct Answer:
- a stimulus.
- Question 10
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, is best known for:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- his experiments with salivating dogs.
- Correct Answer:
- his experiments with salivating dogs.
- Question 11
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- John Watson was interested in how ________ controlled behavior and B. F. Skinner focused on how ________ controlled behavior.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- responses; reinforcers
- Correct Answer:
- stimuli prior to the response; consequences following the response
- Question 12
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Mariah is a teacher and believes that all her students have an inherent need to develop, grow, and reach their full potential. Mariah's beliefs are best characterized by which approach?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- humanism
- Correct Answer:
- humanism
- Question 13
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Nature is to nurture as nativism is to:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- experience.
- Correct Answer:
- experience.
- Question 14
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Psychology is the scientific study of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- mind and behavior.
- Correct Answer:
- mind and behavior.
- Question 15
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Rats are more likely to form a smell-sickness association than a light-sickness association, demonstrating that:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- natural associations are formed more quickly than artificial associations.
- Correct Answer:
- natural associations are formed more quickly than artificial associations.
- Question 16
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Solomon Asch was a social psychologist whose research interests were shaped, in part, by:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- his experiences in Nazi Germany.
- Correct Answer:
- his experiences in Nazi Germany.
- Question 17
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- The scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning, is called:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- cognitive psychology.
- Correct Answer:
- cognitive psychology.
- Question 18
- 0 out of 1 points
- Incorrect
- The unpredictable nature of results from introspection contributed to the decline of:
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- functionalism.
- Correct Answer:
- structuralism.
- Question 19
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- Using ________, Krings et al. (2000) demonstrated that the brains of professional piano plays were ________ active than novice players because both groups made finger movements like those involved in piano play.
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- fMRI; less
- Correct Answer:
- fMRI; less
- Question 20
- 1 out of 1 points
- Correct
- What type of psychology explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time?
- Answer
- Selected Answer:
- evolutionary psychology
- Correct Answer:
- evolutionary psychology
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