"""CS 61A Presents The Game of Hog."""

from dice import six_sided, four_sided, make_test_dice
from ucb import main, trace, interact

GOAL_SCORE = 100  # The goal of Hog is to score 100 points.

######################
# Phase 1: Simulator #
######################


def roll_dice(num_rolls, dice=six_sided):
    """Simulate rolling the DICE exactly NUM_ROLLS > 0 times. Return the sum of
    the outcomes unless any of the outcomes is 1. In that case, return 1.

    num_rolls:  The number of dice rolls that will be made.
    dice:       A function that simulates a single dice roll outcome.
    """
    # These assert statements ensure that num_rolls is a positive integer.
    assert type(num_rolls) == int, 'num_rolls must be an integer.'
    assert num_rolls > 0, 'Must roll at least once.'
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 1
    pig_out = 0
    roll_val = 0

    while num_rolls > 0:
        single_dice = dice()
        if single_dice == 1:
            pig_out = 1
            num_rolls -= 1
        else:
            roll_val = roll_val + single_dice
            num_rolls -= 1
    if pig_out:
        return 1
    else:
        return roll_val
    # END PROBLEM 1


def free_bacon(score):
    """Return the points scored from rolling 0 dice (Free Bacon).

    score:  The opponent's current score.
    """
    assert score < 100, 'The game should be over.'
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 2
    if score < 10:
        pts_zero_dice = score
        return 2 + score
    else:
        first_digit = score // 10
        second_digit = score % 10
        return 2 + abs(first_digit - second_digit)
    # END PROBLEM 2


def take_turn(num_rolls, opponent_score, dice=six_sided):
    """Simulate a turn rolling NUM_ROLLS dice, which may be 0 (Free Bacon).
    Return the points scored for the turn by the current player.

    num_rolls:       The number of dice rolls that will be made.
    opponent_score:  The total score of the opponent.
    dice:            A function that simulates a single dice roll outcome.
    """
    # Leave these assert statements here; they help check for errors.
    assert type(num_rolls) == int, 'num_rolls must be an integer.'
    assert num_rolls >= 0, 'Cannot roll a negative number of dice in take_turn.'
    assert num_rolls <= 10, 'Cannot roll more than 10 dice.'
    assert opponent_score < 100, 'The game should be over.'
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 3
    if num_rolls > 0:
        return roll_dice(num_rolls, dice)
    elif num_rolls == 0:
        return free_bacon(opponent_score)
    # END PROBLEM 3


def is_swap(score0, score1):
    """Return whether one of the scores is an integer multiple of the other."""
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 4
    if score0 > 1 and score1 > 1: # may need to put condition that no switching happens if someone surpasses 100
        if score0 > score1:
            w = 1
            while w < score0:
                if score0 % w == 0 and score1 == w:
                    return True
                elif w == (score0 - 1):
                    return False
                else:
                    w += 1
        elif score0 < score1:
            w = 1
            while w<score1:
                if score1 % w == 0 and score0 == w:
                    return True
                elif w == (score1 - 1):
                    return False
                else:
                    w += 1
        else:
            return False

    else:
        return False

    # END PROBLEM 4


def other(player):
    """Return the other player, for a player PLAYER numbered 0 or 1.

    >>> other(0)
    1
    >>> other(1)
    0
    """
    return 1 - player

def silence(score0, score1):
    """Announce nothing (see Phase 2)."""
    return silence

def play(strategy0, strategy1, score0=0, score1=0, dice=six_sided,
         goal=GOAL_SCORE, say=silence):
    """Simulate a game and return the final scores of both players, with Player
    0's score first, and Player 1's score second.

    A strategy is a function that takes two total scores as arguments (the
    current player's score, and the opponent's score), and returns a number of
    dice that the current player will roll this turn.

    strategy0:  The strategy function for Player 0, who plays first.
    strategy1:  The strategy function for Player 1, who plays second.
    score0:     Starting score for Player 0
    score1:     Starting score for Player 1
    dice:       A function of zero arguments that simulates a dice roll.
    goal:       The game ends and someone wins when this score is reached.
    say:        The commentary function to call at the end of the first turn.
    """
    player = 0  # Which player is about to take a turn, 0 (first) or 1 (second)
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 5

    while score0 < goal and score1 < goal:

        if player == 0:
            num_roll = strategy0(score0, score1)
            score0_from_turn = take_turn(num_roll, score1, dice)
            score0 = score0 + score0_from_turn
            player = other(player)
            if is_swap(score0, score1):
                switch = score0
                score0 = score1
                score1 = switch
        else: #player == 1
            num_roll = strategy1(score1, score0)
            score1_from_turn = take_turn(num_roll, score0, dice)
            score1 = score1 + score1_from_turn
            player = other(player)
            if is_swap(score0, score1):
                switch = score0
                score0 = score1
                score1 = switch
        say = say(score0, score1)

    # END PROBLEM 5
    return score0, score1


#######################
# Phase 2: Commentary #
#######################


def say_scores(score0, score1):
    """A commentary function that announces the score for each player."""
    print("Player 0 now has", score0, "and Player 1 now has", score1)
    return say_scores

def announce_lead_changes(previous_leader=None):
    """Return a commentary function that announces lead changes.

    >>> f0 = announce_lead_changes()
    >>> f1 = f0(5, 0)
    Player 0 takes the lead by 5
    >>> f2 = f1(5, 12)
    Player 1 takes the lead by 7
    >>> f3 = f2(8, 12)
    >>> f4 = f3(8, 13)
    >>> f5 = f4(15, 13)
    Player 0 takes the lead by 2
    """
    def say(score0, score1):
        if score0 > score1:
            leader = 0
        elif score1 > score0:
            leader = 1
        else:
            leader = None
        if leader != None and leader != previous_leader:
            print('Player', leader, 'takes the lead by', abs(score0 - score1))
        return announce_lead_changes(leader)
    return say

def both(f, g):
    """Return a commentary function that says what f says, then what g says.

    >>> h0 = both(say_scores, announce_lead_changes())
    >>> h1 = h0(10, 0)
    Player 0 now has 10 and Player 1 now has 0
    Player 0 takes the lead by 10
    >>> h2 = h1(10, 6)
    Player 0 now has 10 and Player 1 now has 6
    >>> h3 = h2(6, 18) # Player 0 gets 8 points, then Swine Swap applies
    Player 0 now has 6 and Player 1 now has 18
    Player 1 takes the lead by 12
    """
    def say(score0, score1):
        return both(f(score0, score1), g(score0, score1))
    return say


def announce_highest(who, previous_high=0, previous_score=0):
    """Return a commentary function that announces when WHO's score
    increases by more than ever before in the game.

    >>> f0 = announce_highest(0) # Only announce Player 1 score gains
    >>> f1 = f0(11, 0)
    >>> f2 = f1(11, 1)
    1 point! That's the biggest gain yet for Player 1
    >>> f3 = f2(20, 1)
    >>> f4 = f3(5, 20) # Player 1 gets 4 points, then Swine Swap applies
    19 points! That's the biggest gain yet for Player 1
    >>> f5 = f4(20, 40) # Player 0 gets 35 points, then Swine Swap applies
    20 points! That's the biggest gain yet for Player 1
    >>> f6 = f5(20, 55) # Player 1 gets 15 points; not enough for a new high
    """
    assert who == 0 or who == 1, 'The who argument should indicate a player.'
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 7

    def inner_announce(score0, score1):
        if who == 0:
            if score0 - previous_score > previous_high and score0 - previous_score == 1:
                print("%s point! That's the biggest gain yet for Player 0" % (score0 - previous_score))
                new_high = score0 - previous_score
                new_score = score0
            elif score0 - previous_score > previous_high and score0 - previous_score > 1:
                print("%s points! That's the biggest gain yet for Player 0" % (score0 - previous_score) )
                new_high = score0 - previous_score
                new_score = score0
            elif score0 - previous_score < previous_high and score0 != previous_score:
                new_high = previous_high
                new_score = score0
            else:
                new_high = previous_high
                new_score = previous_score
        elif who == 1:
            if score1 - previous_score > previous_high and score1 - previous_score == 1:
                print("%s point! That's the biggest gain yet for Player 1" % (score1 - previous_score))
                new_high = score1 - previous_score
                new_score = score1
            elif score1 - previous_score > previous_high and score1 - previous_score > 1:
                print("%s points! That's the biggest gain yet for Player 1" % (score1 - previous_score))
                new_high = score1 - previous_score
                new_score = score1
            elif score1 - previous_score < previous_high and score1 != previous_score:
                new_high = previous_high
                new_score = score1
            else:
                new_high = previous_high
                new_score = previous_score

        return announce_highest(who, new_high, new_score)

    return inner_announce

    # END PROBLEM 7

#######################
# Phase 3: Strategies #
#######################


def always_roll(n):
    """Return a strategy that always rolls N dice.

    A strategy is a function that takes two total scores as arguments (the
    current player's score, and the opponent's score), and returns a number of
    dice that the current player will roll this turn.

    >>> strategy = always_roll(5)
    >>> strategy(0, 0)
    5
    >>> strategy(99, 99)
    5
    """
    def strategy(score, opponent_score):
        return n
    return strategy


def make_averaged(fn, num_samples=1000):
    """Return a function that returns the average value of FN when called.

    To implement this function, you will have to use *args syntax, a new Python
    feature introduced in this project.  See the project description.

    >>> dice = make_test_dice(4, 2, 5, 1)
    >>> averaged_dice = make_averaged(dice, 1000)
    >>> averaged_dice()
    3.0
    """
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 8

    def inner_average(*args):
        n = 1
        result = 0
        while n <= num_samples:
            roll_result = fn(*args)
            result += roll_result
            n += 1


        return result / num_samples

    return inner_average
    # END PROBLEM 8


def max_scoring_num_rolls(dice=six_sided, num_samples=1000):
    """Return the number of dice (1 to 10) that gives the highest average turn
    score by calling roll_dice with the provided DICE over NUM_SAMPLES times.
    Assume that the dice always return positive outcomes.

    >>> dice = make_test_dice(1, 6)
    >>> max_scoring_num_rolls(dice)
    1
    """
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 9
    i = 1
    avg_for_optno_dice = 1
    best_numrolls = 1
    while i <= 10:
        avg_for_i_dice = make_averaged(roll_dice,num_samples)(i, dice)
        if avg_for_i_dice > avg_for_optno_dice:
            avg_for_optno_dice = avg_for_i_dice
            best_numrolls = i
        i += 1

    return best_numrolls
    # END PROBLEM 9


def winner(strategy0, strategy1):
    """Return 0 if strategy0 wins against strategy1, and 1 otherwise."""
    score0, score1 = play(strategy0, strategy1)
    if score0 > score1:
        return 0
    else:
        return 1

def average_win_rate(strategy, baseline=always_roll(4)):
    """Return the average win rate of STRATEGY against BASELINE. Averages the
    winrate when starting the game as player 0 and as player 1.
    """
    win_rate_as_player_0 = 1 - make_averaged(winner)(strategy, baseline)
    win_rate_as_player_1 = make_averaged(winner)(baseline, strategy)

    return (win_rate_as_player_0 + win_rate_as_player_1) / 2


def run_experiments():
    """Run a series of strategy experiments and report results."""
    if False:  # Change to False when done finding max_scoring_num_rolls
        six_sided_max = max_scoring_num_rolls(six_sided)
        print('Max scoring num rolls for six-sided dice:', six_sided_max)

    if False:  # Change to True to test always_roll(8)
        print('always_roll(8) win rate:', average_win_rate(always_roll(8)))

    if False:  # Change to True to test bacon_strategy
        print('bacon_strategy win rate:', average_win_rate(bacon_strategy))

    if False:  # Change to True to test swap_strategy
        print('swap_strategy win rate:', average_win_rate(swap_strategy))

    if False:  # Change to True to test final_strategy
        print('final_strategy win rate:', average_win_rate(final_strategy))

    "*** You may add additional experiments as you wish ***"


def bacon_strategy(score, opponent_score, margin=8, num_rolls=4):
    """This strategy rolls 0 dice if that gives at least MARGIN points, and
    rolls NUM_ROLLS otherwise.
    """
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 10
    if opponent_score < 10 and opponent_score + 2 >= margin:
        num_rolls = 0
    elif opponent_score > 10:
        first_digit = opponent_score // 10
        second_digit = opponent_score % 10
        if 2 + abs(first_digit-second_digit) >= margin:
            num_rolls = 0
    return num_rolls # Replace this statement
    # END PROBLEM 10


def swap_strategy(score, opponent_score, margin=8, num_rolls=4):
    """This strategy rolls 0 dice when it triggers a beneficial swap. It also
    rolls 0 dice if it gives at least MARGIN points. Otherwise, it rolls
    NUM_ROLLS.
    """
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 11
    w = 1
    while w < opponent_score:
        if (opponent_score % w == 0 and score == w and opponent_score > score) or bacon_strategy(score, opponent_score, margin, num_rolls) == 0:
            return 0
        else:
            w += 1

    return num_rolls   # Replace this statement
    # END PROBLEM 11


def final_strategy(score, opponent_score):
    """Write a brief description of your final strategy.

    *** YOUR DESCRIPTION HERE ***
    """
    # BEGIN PROBLEM 12
    return 4  # Replace this statement
    # END PROBLEM 12


##########################
# Command Line Interface #
##########################

# NOTE: Functions in this section do not need to be changed. They use features
# of Python not yet covered in the course.


@main
def run(*args):
    """Read in the command-line argument and calls corresponding functions.

    This function uses Python syntax/techniques not yet covered in this course.
    """
    import argparse
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Play Hog")
    parser.add_argument('--run_experiments', '-r', action='store_true',
                        help='Runs strategy experiments')

    args = parser.parse_args()

    if args.run_experiments:
        run_experiments()