(a) 'Pal /vliatfliiffi tetitUki*Adti. 0 Nakayama-san we stoma ga itakatta node gakko o yasunda. (Mr. Nakayama was absent from school because he had a headache.) The informal form of a verb / adjective is usually used in a subordinate clause.
Transitive Verb A verb that requires a direct object. It usually expresses an action that acts upon s.o. or s.t. indicated by the direct object. Actions in-dicated by transitive verbs include real causatives (such as ikaseru 'make / let s.o. go', korosu 'kill', miseru 'show', nakasu 'make s.o. cry', noseru ' put, place '), exchange (such as ageru 'give', morau ' receive', kureru' give '), creation (such as tsukuru' make', kaku write', kangaeru ' think communica-tion (such as hanasu 'speak', oshieru 'teach', tsutaeru 'convey a message ') and others. Note that some English transitive verbs are intransitive in Japanese. (a) I.LII1K7)12630 Watashi we kuruma ga aru. (Lit. With me a car exists. (=I have a car.)) (b) 19ti3i3izatL160 Boku we o-kane ga fru. (Lit. To me money is necessary. (=I need money.)) (c) gin%hti}17%3, Sumisu-san we chOgokugo ga wakaru. (Lit. To Mr. Smith Chinese is understandable. Mr. Smith understands Chinese.)) (d) t.411 7 -7 :/ Mb', LtVIE6. Watashi wa furansugo ga sukoshi dekku. (Lit. To me French is a bit possible. (=I can speak French a little.)) (e) AcT e..c iv it *re td5tit AA.:.ste-) ft. Kinoshita-san we Tokyo de o-to-san ni atta. (Mr. Kinoshita met his father in Tokyo.) (f) f.41.--12.-<*htrin jt,itp Watashi ni we beru ga kikoenaketta. (Lit. To me the bell wasn't audible. (=1 wasn't able to hear the bell.)) (g) In± VP' Koko kara we Fujisan ga mlemasu yo. (Lit. From here Mt. Fuji is visible. (=We can see Mt. Fuji from here.))