// t is a reference to a Transform.
public Transform t ;

private void Awake()
{
     // If you do not assign something to t
     // (either from the Inspector or using GetComponent), t is null!
     t.Translate();
}

private void Awake ()
{
    // Here, you try to get the Collider component attached to your gameobject
    Collider collider = gameObject.GetComponent<Collider>();

    // But, if you haven't any collider attached to your gameobject,
    // GetComponent won't find it and will return null, and you will get the exception.
    collider.enabled = false ;
}

private void Start()
{
    // Here, you try to get a gameobject in your scene
    GameObject myGameObject = GameObject.Find("AGameObjectThatDoesntExist");

    // If no object with the EXACT name "AGameObjectThatDoesntExist" exist in your scene,
    // GameObject.Find will return null, and you will get the exception.
    myGameObject.name = "NullReferenceException";
}

var fov = Camera.main.fieldOfView;
// main is null if no enabled cameras in the scene have the "MainCamera" tag.

var selection = EventSystem.current.firstSelectedGameObject;
// current is null if there's no active EventSystem in the scene.

var target = RenderTexture.active.width;
// active is null if the game is currently rendering straight to the window, not to a texture.

private GameObject[] myObjects ; // Uninitialized array

private void Start()
{
    for( int i = 0 ; i < myObjects.Length ; ++i )
        Debug.Log( myObjects[i].name ) ;
}

delegate double MathAction(double num);

// Regular method that matches signature:
static double Double(double input)
{
    return input * 2;
}

private void Awake()
{
    MathAction ma ;

    // Because you haven't "assigned" any method to the delegate,
    // you will have a NullReferenceException
    ma(1) ;

    ma = Double ;

    // Here, the delegate "contains" the Double method and
    // won't throw an exception
    ma(1) ;
}

Collider collider = gameObject.GetComponent<Collider>();

try
{
    collider.enabled = false ;
}
catch (System.NullReferenceException exception) {
    Debug.LogError("Oops, there is no collider attached", this) ;
}

Collider collider = gameObject.GetComponent<Collider>();

if(collider != null)
{
    // You can safely manipulate the collider here
    collider.enabled = false;
}
else
{
    Debug.LogError("Oops, there is no collider attached", this) ;
}

GameObject.Find("MyObject").GetComponent<MySuperComponent>().value = "foo" ;

GameObject myObject = GameObject.Find("MyObject") ;

Debug.Log( myObject ) ;

MySuperComponent superComponent = myObject.GetComponent<MySuperComponent>() ;

Debug.Log( superComponent ) ;

superComponent.value = "foo" ;

GameObject myObject = GameObject.Find("MyObject") ;

if( myObject != null )
{
   MySuperComponent superComponent = myObject.GetComponent<MySuperComponent>() ;
   if( superComponent != null )
   {
       superComponent.value = "foo" ;
   }
   else
   {
        Debug.Log("No SuperComponent found onMyObject!");
   }
}
else
{
   Debug.Log("Can't find MyObject!", this ) ;
}

private GameObject gameObject;

gameObject = new GameObject();

[RequireComponent(typeof(Rigidbody))]
public class AlwaysHasRigidbody : MonoBehaviour
{
    Rigidbody myRigidbody;


    void Start()
    {
        myRigidbody = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
    }
}

using System; // --> This exact line of code. That's it.
using UnityEngine;

public class Test : MonoBehaviour {

    public GameObject player; // --> Example to check if there's a null content;

    public void Update() {

        // You may now catch null reference here.
        try {

            player.transform.Translate(0, 0, 2);

        } catch(NullReferenceException e) { // --> You may use this type of exception class

        }

    }
}