WalkByFaith2C

Evidence for Christianity

Mar 16th, 2018
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  1. Investigate.
  2.  
  3. Absalom's Pillar (Ronnie Reich, Eli Shukron at 'Ain Joweizeh spring cave): proto-aeloic capital (monumental royal architecture, pillar of Absalom (2 Sam 18:18)
  4. Absalom's Tomb inscription (Emile Puech, Joe Zias, East bank of Kidron valley): oldest (?) NT passage carved in stone, on Absalom's tomb, Luke 2:25
  5. Ahisamach Inscription (Sania 115) (Doug Petrovich, Egypt): Joseph and his two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, and "6 Levantines: Hebrews of Bethel, the beloved."
  6. Akeptous inscription
  7. Amarna tablets (Egyptian peasant at Tel el-Amarna): diplomatic correspondence between Egypt and Canaan/Amurru during the New Kingdom, Hebrews established in Mesopotamia by early 2nd millennium BC
  8. Annalistic Tablet, Belshazzar, Daniel 5
  9. anthropic argument
  10. Arch of Titus (southern entrance to the Roman Forum): column of the tenth legion, destruction of the temple in AD 70
  11. Assyrian Limmu lists
  12. Avaris; Israel in Egypt
  13. axiological argument
  14. Babylon was found
  15. Babylonian Chronicles (Donald Wiseman, Babylon): Nebuchadnezzar's reports of first decade as king, extrabiblical record of 597 BC capture of Jerusalem and other historic details
  16. Balaam Texts (HJ Franken at Deir alla (Succoth), Jordan): famous seer in Num 22:5
  17. Basilica of St John (John T Wood, Ephesus): Tomb of John the Baptist
  18. Beersheba horned altar
  19. Behistun inscription (Robert Sherley, Sir Henry Rawlinson, Mt Behistun, Iran): historicity of Darius the Great, multilingual account of Persian victory of Babylon and rise of King Darius
  20. Belshazzar inscription (Nabonidus chronicle) (Henry Rawlinson at Ur): Belshazzar listed as coregent with King Nabonidus, Daniel 5:29)
  21. Bema seat (Broncer, Corinth, Greece): Paul's tribunal before Gallio
  22. Beni-Hasan Tomb painting (Percy Newberry, Beni-Hasan, Egypt): Semites from Canaan entering Egypt as in patriarchal period (Gen 12:10; 37:28)
  23. Berlin Pedestal, name of Israel
  24. Bethlehem Bulla (Hillel richman, Eli Shukron at City of David, Jerusalem): first (8th-7th century BC) mention of Bethlehem outside the Bible
  25. Black Obelisk (AH Layard at Nineveh): Shalmaneser III, King Jehu of Judah paying tribute
  26. Bodmer Papyrus
  27. Bronze Sestertius Judaea Capta coin (minted in Caesarea and distributed throughout Roman empire): fall of Jerusalem, AD 70
  28. Caiaphas Ossuary (Avi Greenhut, south of Jerusalem): high priest at Jesus' trial
  29. Canaanite Cultic site (Itzhaq Shai at Tel Burna) city of Libnah conqured by Johsua 10:29, given to Aaron et al Joshua 21:13
  30. Canaanite Wall (Ronny Reich, Eli Shukron at City of David, Jerusalem): wall from the later patriarchal period, pre-Israelite monumental construction in Jerusalem
  31. Capernaum Synagogue (Charles Wilson, Capernaum, Israel): among the oldest in the world, site of Jesus' preaching Mark 1:21; Luke 4:31; John 6:59
  32. Chester Beatty Papyrus
  33. Claudius 25/Acts 18:2
  34. Code of Hammurabi (Gustave Jequier at Susa (Iran)): 282 laws dealing with morality, commerce, religion; evidence for 15th century chronology of the Mosaic law and early writing in Canaan
  35. cosmological argument
  36. Council Carthage
  37. Cult Shrines from Khirbet Qeiyafa (Yosef Garfinkel at Khirbet Qeiyafa): meaning of triglyphs in architecture of Solomon's Temple
  38. Cyrus cylinder (Hormuzd Rassam, Babylon): restoration policy of Jerusalem (Ezra 5:13-17)
  39. Davidian palace (Yosef Garfinkel at Khirbet Qeiyafa, 2013): Davidic palace from 10th century BC
  40. Dead Sea Scrolls (Bedouin shepherds, Khirbet Qumran): 918 scrolls of historical, religious, linguistic significance. Messianic concept, sectarian documents of Yahad sect
  41. Didache
  42. Dr Gary Habermas minimal facts of the resurrection
  43. Ebla tablets (Paolo Matthiae, Tel-Mardikh, Syria): historical background of Syra in 3rd millennium
  44. Ekron inscription
  45. Enuma Elish (AH Layard at Nineveh (Iraq)): parallels to Genesis creation accounts
  46. Eshball inscription (Yosef Garfinkel, Saar Ganor at Khirbet Qeiyafa): same name as King Saul's son 1 Chronicles 8:33
  47. First temple water cistern (Eli Shukron at Jerusalem): public activity, First Temple period, King Hezekiah
  48. Gabbatha (Jerusalem): according to William F Albright, the court location of Jesus' trial in John 19:13 and Matthew 27:27 as "the Pavement"
  49. Gallio inscription (Delphi, Greece): Luke's record in Acts 18:11-14
  50. Gath city gate (Aren Maeir at Tel es-Safi): Goliath's hometown (1 Samuel 17:4)
  51. Gedaliah Ben Pashchur bulla: official in Jeremiah 38:1
  52. gezer calendar
  53. Gezer palace (Steve Ortiz at Gezer): reign of King Solomon
  54. Gilgamesh Epic (Hormuzd Rassam, Nineveh): extrabiblical parallel to Genesis account of the flood
  55. Goliath inscription (Aren Maeir, Tel es-Safi (Gath), Israel): support for the historicity of the Philistine Goliath of Gath (1 Sam 17:4)
  56. Gospels: consistent qualities as eyewitness accounts, 500 people simultaneously saw Jesus risen after the crucifixion, sudden belief/martyrdom/apostles
  57. Great Karnak Inscription of Merneptah (Jean-Francois Champollion, Karl Richard Lepsius, Karnak Temple of Amun, Egypt): earliest known artistic representation of Israelites on a relief
  58. Hattusa (Hittite capital) (Hugo Winckler, Theodore Makridi Bey, Kurt Bittel, Peter Neve, Bogazkale (Turkey): historicity of Hittite kingdom in Anatolia that may be related to biblical Hittites (Gen 15:20)
  59. Herod the Great ostraca (Ehud Netzer, Masada): evidence of Herod the Great
  60. Hezekiah's Tunnel Inscription, 2 Kings 20
  61. House of David Inscription (Avraham Biran at Tel Dan): extrabiblical record of David
  62. House of YHWH Ostracon (Ruth Amiran, Yhoanan Aharoni, Tel Arad (Israel): receipt of donation to the First Temple, extrabiblical reference to Temple
  63. Jacob's well (ancient Samaria): Jewish, Samaritan, Muslim, and Christian traditions all associate the well with Jacob. John 4:6-30
  64. James ossuary (purchased by Oded Golan, Jerusalem): "James, son of Joseph, brother of Jesus", if authentic, earliest archaeological evidence directly relating to James and Jesus
  65. Jerusalem papyrus at Judean desert cave (Eitan Klein and members of the robbery prevention unit, 2016): earliest mention of Jerusalem in a non-biblical text
  66. John Rylands Papyrus (Bernard Grenfell, Egyptian Antiquity market): P52 is the oldest known fragment John
  67. Joseph's price when sold as a slave wouldn't have been accurately 'guessed' later
  68. Julius Africanus
  69. Ketef Hinnom Amulets: Numbers 6:24-26
  70. Khirbet el-Maqatir Egyptian scarab (Bryant Wood, Gary Byers, Scott Stripling at Khirbet el-Maqatir): biblical Ai
  71. Khirbet Summeily bullae (Jimmy Hardin, Jeff Blakely at Khirbet Summeily near Gaza): judgement seat in Corinth, administrative activity, early Juda, David and Solomon
  72. Khorsabad
  73. King Hezekiah Royal seal (Eilat Mazar, Hagai Cohen-Klonymus): royal seal of King Hezekiah of Juda in a provenanced context.
  74. Kinneret boat (Moshe and Yuval Lufan of Kibbutz Ginosar, Sea of Galilee): style of fishing boat likely used by Jesus' disciples
  75. Kurkh Monolith / Stele of Shalmaneser iii (1861 by John G. Taylor in the present-day city of Üçtepe, Turkey): existence of an Israelite king, mentions the name of a biblical king of Syria, provides evidence of peaceable relations and military cooperation between Israel and Syria, and demonstrates the strength of the Northern Kingdom of Israel in the early ninth century b.c.e.; on display in the British Museum in 2018; 1 Kings 16-22; possibly Hadadezer of Syria 1 Kings 22:3, 31; 2 Kings 5; 6:8-23
  76. Lachish gate cultic shrine: Judean King Hezekiah's religious reforms 2 Kings 18:4, 22; 2 Chronicles 29:3
  77. Lachish Ostraca (James Leslie Starkey at Tell ed-Duweir): 21 military letters, conditions during the final Babylonian siege (Jer 34:6-7)
  78. Lachish ostracon (Benjami Sass, Yosef Garfinkel): early witness to the Canaanite alphabet
  79. Lachish Reliefs: 2 Chronicles 32:9
  80. Lapis Tiburtinus
  81. Laws of Hammurabi (Gustave Jequier Jacques de Morgan at Susa, Iran): illustration of ANE law
  82. Lysanias inscription (Abila (near Damascus): Lysanias the tetrarch of Abilene
  83. Madaba map (Monk Ananias, Athanasios Andreakis, Madaba, Jordan): identification of biblical cities and geography
  84. Mamertine prison (Rome): possible prison of Peter and Paul
  85. Mara Bar Serapion
  86. Mari (Andrew Parrot, Tel al-Hariri (Syria): parallels to 1st-millennium practices that may reflect on earlier time of the Patriarchs
  87. Masoretic Text
  88. matching world-wide geological megasequences
  89. Megiddo seal
  90. Merenptah Stele (Flinders Petrie, Thebes): military accomplishments of Merenptah, mention of Israel, 1207 BC
  91. Moabite Stone / Mesha Stele (Frederick Augustus Klein at Dibon): Moabite-Isralite relations, mentions hosue of David
  92. Metanyahu seal (Eli Shukron at Jerusalem): Biblical name from First Temple Period (1 Chr 1:25) in Kingdom of Judah
  93. Monotheistic Tablet, Nebuchadnezzar, Daniel
  94. monument of the silversmiths inscription (Efes Müzesi (Museum), Selçuk, Izmir, Turkey): Acts 19:23-28
  95. Nazareth inscription (Wilhelm Frohner, Nazareth): forbids the robbing of tombs for bodies (not known at the time), early evidence of Jesus resurrection and empty tomb
  96. Nebo-Sarsekim tablet
  97. Nimrud
  98. Nineveh
  99. Nuzi tablets (Chiera and Speiser at Yorghun Tepe (Iraq): family records, witness to contemporary customs in mid-2nd millennium
  100. Ossuaries (construction workers discovered at Talpiyot, near Jerusalem, found in 1980): ossuaries from AD 40-50 with mark of the cross and various prayers directed to Jesus. Early recognition of Jesus death on the cross and that Jesus was God.
  101. Oxyrhynchus Papyri (Bernard Grenfell, Arthur S. Hunt, Oxyhynchus, Egypt): Census parallel to Luke and Acts, Koine Greek was common in the NT
  102. Palace of King David (Eilat Mazar, City of David): monumental royal buildings
  103. Petra
  104. Phlegon
  105. Pilate inscription (Antonio Frova, Caesarea Maritima): Pilate's name and title
  106. Pompeii graffiti (Antonio Sogliano, Pompeii, Italy): use of Gematria for 666
  107. Pool of Bethesda (Conrad Schick, Church of St Anne): John 5:2 extrabiblical confirmation
  108. Pool of Siloam (Eli Shukron, Gihon Spring): Place where Jesus healed the man born blind.
  109. Procurator Festus/Acts 24:27
  110. reliability of the manuscripts: agreement at council of Nicea about what is written even ~200 years later
  111. Sacred Marriage Cylinder Seal Impression (Yitzhak Paz, Ianir Milevski, Nimrod Getzov at Bet Ha-'Emeq): early bronze age Canaan
  112. Samaria Ostracon
  113. Scarab of Sheshonq I (Tohmas E Levy at Khirbat Hamra Ifdan): Shishak's raid into Juda 2 Chr 12:2-9
  114. Scroll of Leviticus at Ein Gedi (Dan Barag, Ehud Netzer, Sefi Porath): earliest evidence of the exact form of the medieval (Masoretic) text
  115. Seal of Baruch
  116. Seals from Temple Mount Administrative building (Shlomit Wexler-Bdoulah, Alexander Onn at Temple Mount): name mentioned in 1 Chr 17:25, Jer 41, Lachish letters)
  117. Second temple stone inscription (Benjamin Mazar, Jerusalem): stone from the southern foot of the temple mount bearing the inscription "To the Trumpeting Place"; blowing of the trumpet, end of Sabbath
  118. Semitic Hyksos
  119. Sennacherib cylinder (Taylor prism) (Colonel Robert Taylor at Nineveh): siege of Jerusalem 2 Kings 18:13-19:35
  120. Sheshonq relief (Bubastite Portal) (Jean-Fancois Champollion at Karnak Temple of Amun): 1 Kings 11:40; 14:25; 2 Chr 12:2-9
  121. Siloam inscription (Jacob (Eliyahu) Spafford, Jerusalem): extrabilical witness 2 Kings 20:20
  122. Simmons Ark tablet (Irving Finkel, Leonard Simmons at Mesopotamia): animals came on the Ark "two by two"
  123. Soleb temple at Sudan, Shasu of YHWH inscription
  124. Solomon's copper mines (Thomas Levy, Southern Jordan): copper mining tools, era of biblical kingdom of Judah, King David and Solomon
  125. Solomonic Wall (Eilat Mazar at Ophel) Gatehouse wall 230 ft x 19 ft, another section 115 ft x 15 ft: evidence of Solomon's construction projects, 1 Kings 7:1-12
  126. Stone seal (Gabriel Barkay and Temple Mount sifting project): evidence of early Judah.
  127. Suetonius
  128. surviving New Testament manuscripts=~24,000 / surviving copies of Plato=~250
  129. Tacitus
  130. Tel 'Eton Judahite Administrative Center (Avraham Faust, Modern Turkey): new data on biblical Eglon, Canaanite city conquered by Joshua 10:34-36, 15:39
  131. tel dan inscription
  132. Tel Rehov Shoshenq I
  133. teleological argument
  134. Tertullian
  135. Textiles from King David Era (Erez Ben-Yosef at Timna): weaves and colors showing presence of Edomites, copper mines under Judean hegemony)
  136. Textus Receptus
  137. Thallus
  138. Theater of Ephesus (John T Wood, Ephesus): Riots against Paul were here.
  139. Tomb of King Herod
  140. Tomb of Lazarus (east side, mount of olives): possible location of the tomb of Lazarus since the 3rd century AD, John 11:38-44
  141. Tower of Babylon stone at Smithsonian
  142. transcendental argument
  143. Tyrannus inscription (Ephesus (modern-day Turkey)): perhaps Acts 19:9
  144. Ugarit (Claude Schaeffer, Ras Shamra (Syria)): closest NW Semitic cognate to Biblical Hebrew
  145. Wall of the First Temple (muslim workers, temple mount, Jerusalem): evidence of the location of the House of Oil in the First Temple
  146. waterway of Joseph
  147. Weld-Blundell Prism (Sumerian King List) (Hermann Hilprecht, Jacobsen, Thorkild at Library at Nippur (Babylonia) Iraq): clay prism listing sumerian kings who reigned before and after the "Great Flood", genesis account, lifepsans before the flood)
  148. Yehuchal Ben Shelamayahu bulla: official in Jeremiah 38:1
  149. Yohanan Crucifixion (Vassilios Tzaferis, Jerusalem): crucifixion of Ben Ha'galgola, both legs broken, Christ's crucifixion Psalms 22; Matthew 27; Mark 15; Luke 23; John 19
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