$$\\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k \\right)^2 \\leq \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 \\right) \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 \\right)$$
$$\\mathbf{V}_1 \\times \\mathbf{V}_2 = \\begin{vmatrix}
\\mathbf{i} & \\mathbf{j} & \\mathbf{k} \\\\
\\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial u} & \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial u} & 0 \\\\
\\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial v} & \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial v} & 0
\\end{vmatrix}$$
$P(E) = {n \\choose k} p^k (1-p)^{ n-k}$