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# Exam Review 2023 Mar 25

# LABS
# Ch 2-14... all Labs!
# Ch 21-34 just ADDITIONAL LABS, but important practice!
# Use Submit Mode!!!

# Watch your string input and output
# input...
# myVar = input().strip() # myString.strip()
# output/print
# print() # print(end="\n")
# print("some stuff", end=" ")
# print()
# print("Clean new line!")

# Comp 1: Basic syntax and knowledge: operators, data types, etc
# Comp 2: Control Flow
# Comp 3: Modules and Files

# Comp 1: Basic syntax and knowledge: operators, data types, etc
# Common Data Types
int
float
bool # True, False
str # " "
list # [ ]
dict # {key:value}
tuple # ( ) immutable... Python sees any a,b,c as (a,b,c)... return a,b -> return (a, b)
set # { } all unique values, unordered... no index, no sorting, no slicing
range # range() --> range object [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

# operators
# = # assignment
# == # equality... asking a question, comparing... part of condition
# +
# -
# *
# /
# % # modulo # gives us the int remainder, "how many whole things didn't fit?"
# // # floor division... the last even division
# <
# >
# <=
# >=
# +=
# -=
# ** # raise to a power... pow() or math.pow()
# !=
# # keywords used like operator
# in # if x in myList
# not # if not x in myList
# and
# or #  any one True means whole condition is True... limit OR to 2 conditions

# # question on % and //
# print(25%4) # 1
# print(25//4) # 6
#
# print(39%16) # oz left over
# print(39//16) # lbs


# Comp 2
# the HOW stuff... control flow structures
# IF statements... if, if/else, if/elif, if/elif/else, vs if + if + if
# LOOPS
# WHILE - an IF that repeats
# FOR - looping over a container, or a known number of times #... hence range()
# for _item_ in myList:
# for char in myString:
# for n in range(0, 5): # sorta like [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
# for i in range(0, len(myList)): # myList[i]
# for key in myDict: # myDict[key]

# FUNCTIONS
# defining/writing vs calling
# a function has ONE, PARTICULAR job
# parameter are special variable... they don't work like regular variables
# parameters vs arguments
# return vs print()... vs write a file... whatever the question says

# def someFunction(x, y):
#     return x * y # None
# # print('hey') # don't print stuff in here
#
# if __name__ == "__main__": # are we running from this very script I'm writing?
#     myInput = int(input())
#     myOther = int(input())
#     # num = someFunction(myInput, myOther)
#     # print(num)
#     print(someFunction(myInput, myOther))
#

# See "tasks" in the last section of Ch 10, 11, 13, 14 for function writing practice
# # CodingBat also has good function-based Python questions:
# # https://codingbat.com/python

# BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
# print()
# input()
# len()
# min()
# max()
# sum()
# abs() # math.fabs()
# pow() # math.pow(), **
# round() # math.ceil(), math.floor()
# sorted()  # returns sorted list.. compare list.sort() does not return anything
# reversed() # returns reversed list... same
# int()
# float()
# list()
# str()
# tuple()
# dict()
# set()
# type() # x = [1, 2, 3], print(type(x).__name__)
# range()
# enumerate()
# open() # open a file and create a file/IO stream object
# help() # help(str), help(str.isspace)
# dir() # print(dir(str))

# STRINGS
# be able to slice like it's 2nd nature: myString[start:stop:step]
# myStr = "abcdef"
# revStr = myStr[::-1]
# print(revStr)

# KNOW YOUR WHITESPACE
# " " # ... many Unicode spaces
# "\n"
# "\t"
# "\r"

# STRING METHODS
# myString.format() # "stuff I want to put together {}".format(var)... or similar f strings
# myString.split() # return a list of smaller strings
# myString.join() # " ".join(listOfStrings)
# myString.strip() # lstrip(), rstrip()
# myString.replace(subStr, newStr) # "remove"... myString = myString.replace(subStr, "")
# myString.find(subStr) # return int index where it starts, or -1 on failure
# myString.count(subStr) # return int count
# case: myStr.lower(), myStr.upper(), myStr.title(), myStr.capitalize()
# is/Boolean: myString.isupper(), .islower(), .isspace(), isalpha(), isnumeric(), isalnum(), isdigit()

# LISTS
# again know indices and be able to slice

# LIST METHODS
# # +
# myList.append(item)
# myList.insert(i, item)
# myList.extend(anotherList)
# # -
# myList.pop(i) # pop by index
# myList.remove(item) # remove by value
# # other
# myList.sort()
# myList.reverse()
# myList.count(item)
# myList.clear()
# myList.copy()
# myList.index(item)

# DICT
# use the key like an index
# myDict[key] # retrieve the value for that key, so like get()
# myDict[key] = value # assign a value to the key, so takes the place of update()
# myDict.keys()
# myDict.values()
# pets = {
#     " Agent Scully": "Queequeg",
#     "Fred": "Dino ",
#     "Thor": "Frog Thor"
# }
# pets[key.strip()] = value.strip()

# MODULES
# math and csv

# MATH MODULE
import math # that's a FULL IMPORT
# math.factorial(x)
# math.ceil(x.yz)
# math.floor(x.yz)
# math.pow(x, y)
# math.sqrt(x)
# math.fabs() # abs()
# math.e
# math.pi

# PARTIAL IMPORT
# from math import factorial
# factorial() # not math.factorial()
# from math import floor, sqrt
# floor(), sqrt() # not math.floor(), not math.sqrt()
# from math import *
# but still... factorial(), floor()

# ALIAS IMPORT
# import math as m
# m.floor()

# FILES!!!
# READ MODE
# with open("test.txt", "r") as f:
#     contents = f.readlines() # # list of strings, line by line
# print(contents)
# for line in contents:
#     # line = line.strip()
#     print(line, end="")
# print()
# print(contents)

# CSV Module
# reader() method
# import csv
# with open("mock_data.csv", "r") as f1:
#     contents = list(csv.reader(f1)) # csv.reader(f1, delimiter="\t")
#
# print(contents[0:20])

# WRITE MODE
# with open("output_data15.csv", "w") as f2:
#     for line in contents:
#         if len(line[1]) > 9:
#             # write() method takes one single str argument
#             f2.write(",".join(line)+"\n")
#             # f2.write(f"{','.join(line)}\n")


# APPEND MODE
# with open("append_to_this.txt", "r") as f3:
#     contents = f3.readlines()
# print(contents)
# with open("append_to_this.txt", "a") as f4:
#     f4.write("Pippin\n")