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# Exam Review 2023 May 27

# Do those LABS
# Ch 2-14... all Labs!
# Ch 21-32 just ADDITIONAL LABS, but important practice!
# Prac Tests, Ch 33 and 34
# Use Submit Mode and get them to 100%!!! And PAY ATTENTION to the unit tests!

# Comp 1: Basic syntax and knowledge: operators, data types, etc
# Comp 2: Control Flow
# Comp 3: Modules and Files

# Watch your string input and output
# input...
# myInput = input().strip()
# output/echo/print()
# print() # same as print(end="\n")
# print("Something I'm printing.", end=" ") # if we override end...
# # we gotta put the expected \n back
# print()
# # print("Clean new line!")

# Comp 1: Basic syntax and knowledge: operators, data types, etc
# Common Data Types
# int
# float
# bool # True, False... cond expressions resolve to bool: x = 999, print(x>1000) --> False
# str # ""
# list # [ ]
# dict # {key:value}
# tuple # () immutable, Python sees any x,y,z as (x,y,z) --> return x,y --> return (x,y)
# set # all unique/no duplicate, no ordered... no index, no slicing, no sort
# range object # range()... range(0, 5) --> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

# Operators
# = # assignment
# == # equality, asking a question, comparing... if/elif, while
# +
# -
# *
# /
# % # modulo... gives an int remainder, "How many whole things didn't fit (since the last even division)?"
# // # floor division, the last even division
# <
# >
# <=
# >=
# += # x += 1 --> x = x+1
# -= # x -= 1 --> x = x-1
# ** # raise to power... pow() and math.pow()
# !=
# # keywords that we use like operators
# in # if x in myList:
# not # if not x in myList:
# and
# or # any one True means the combined condition is True... limit OR to 2 conditions

# Comp 2
# Control Flow! The HOW stuff
# IF statements... if, if/else, if/elif, if/elif/else
# LOOPS
# WHILE - an IF that repeats
# FOR - looping over a container, or a known number of times... hence range()
# # Check out my For Loops webinar in The Gotchas
# for ___ in __someContainer__:
# for item in myList:
# for char in myStr:
# for key in myDict: # myDict[key] gets the value for that key
# for key, value in myDict.items():
# for num in range(0, 5):
# # if I need to know the index and the item/value in a list, str, tuple, etc
# for i in range(0, len(myList)): # for i, item in enumerate(myList):

# FUNCTIONS
# defining/writing vs calling
# a function has ONE particular job
# parameters are special variables... they don't work like "regular" variables
# parameters vs arguments
# return vs print()/output... or something else?
#
# def someFunction(x, y):
#     return x / y
#
# if __name__ == "__main__": # is this script the one that's being run from?
#     # we're solving THIS question
#     myInput = int(input())
#     thisOther = int(input())
#     myNum = someFunction(myInput, thisOther)
#     print(myNum)

# See "tasks" in the last section of Ch 10, 11, 13, 14 for function writing practice
# # CodingBat also has good function-based Python questions:
# # https://codingbat.com/python

# BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
# print()
# input()
# range()
# list()
# tuple()
# set()
# dict()
# int()
# float()
# enumerate()
# len()
# sum()
# min()
# max()
# abs() # compare to math.fabs()
# pow() # compare to math.pow() and to **
# open() # open a file, create a file object
# round() # cousins math.ceil() and math.floor()
# type() # print(type(x).__name__)
# sorted()
# reversed()
# help() # help(str), help(list.append)
# dir() # print(dir(list))

# STRINGS
# be able to slice
# myStr = "abcd"
# revStr = myStr[::-1]
# print(revStr)

# KNOW YOUR WHITESPACE
# " "
# a lot of spaces in Unicode
# "\n" # NEW line return
# "\t" # tab
# "\r" # CARRIAGE return
# help(str.isspace)

# STRING METHODS
# myStr.format() # "stuff I want to put together {}".format(var)
# myStr.strip()
# myStr.split() # returns a list a smaller strings
# myStr.join() # " ".join(listOfStrings)
# myStr.replace(subStr, newStr) # "remove"... myStr = myStr.replace(subStr, "")
# myStr.find(subStr) # returns int for the index, -1 or failure
# myStr.count(subStr) # return in count of subStr in string
# case: myStr.lower(), myStr.upper(), myStr.title(), myStr.capitalize()
# is/Boolean: myStr.isupper(), myStr.islower(), myStr.isspace(), myStr.isalpha(), myStr.isalnum(), myStr.isnumeric(), myStr.isdigit(), etc
# myStr.startswith(subStr), myStr.endswith(subStr)

# LISTS
# be able to slice

# LIST METHODS
# # +
# myList.append(item)
# myList.insert(i, item)
# myList.extend(anotherList)
# # -
# myList.pop() # last or myList.pop(i)
# myList.remove(item) # pop() by index, remove() by value
# myList.clear()
# # others
# myList.count(item)
# myList.sort()
# myList.reverse()
# myList.copy()
# myList.index(item)

# DICT
# use the key like an index []
# myDict[key] # retrieve value for that key
# myDict[key] = value # assign value to key
# myDict.keys()
# myDict.values()
# myDict.items()

# MODULES
# math and csv

# MATH MODULE
import math # FULL IMPORT
# math.factorial(x)
# math.ceil(x.yz)
# math.floor(x.yz)
# math.pow(x, y) # not to be confused with math.exp()
# math.sqrt(x)
# math.fabs(x) # compare abs(x)
# math.pi
# math.e

# PARTIAL IMPORT
from math import factorial # --> factorial(x)
from math import ceil, sqrt # --> ceil(x.yz), sqrt(x)
from math import * #  --> floor(x.yz)

# ALIAS IMPORT
import math as m # --> m.floor(x.yz), m.factorial(x)

# FILES

# READ MODE
with open("test.txt", "r") as f:
    contents = f.readlines() # list a strings line by line
print(contents)
for line in contents:
    line = line.strip()
    print(line)

# CSV module
import csv
with open("mock_data.csv", "r") as f1:
    contents = list(csv.reader(f1)) # for tsv... csv.reader(f1, delimiter="\t")
# print(contents) # [['id', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'email', 'gender', 'ip_address'], ['1', 'Remington', 'Shilling', 'rshilling0@wsj.com', 'Male', '1.71.141.52']... ]
for row in contents[0:30]: # slice just to shorten this
    print(row)


# # WRITE MODE
# with open("output_data19.csv", "w") as f2:
#     for row in contents:
#         # only write into this new file if email is at spiegel.de
#         # email is at list position 3
#         # lazy or smart?
#         # if "@spiegel.de" in row[3]:
#         # endswith()
#         if row[3].endswith("@spiegel.de"):
#             # takes a single str argument
#             f2.write(",".join(row)+"\n")

# APPEND MODE
# with open("append_to_this.txt", "r") as f3:
#     contents = f3.readlines()
# print(contents)
with open("append_to_this.txt", "a") as f3:
    f3.write("Galadriel\nBalin\nGlorfindel\nThe Balrog\n") # added to file, rather than overwriting


# Best wishes to our exam takers!