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/** 
copy from
https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/questions/11009/c11-thread-pool-implementation
-> https://github.com/progschj/ThreadPool 
*/
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <memory>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <future>
#include <functional>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <iostream>

namespace ctpl {

    namespace detail {
        template <typename T>
        class Queue {
        public:
            bool push(T const & value) {
                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->mutex);
                this->q.push(value);
                return true;
            }
            // deletes the retrieved element, do not use for non integral types
            bool pop(T & v) {
                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->mutex);
                if (this->q.empty())
                    return false;
                v = this->q.front();
                this->q.pop();
                return true;
            }
            bool empty() {
                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->mutex);
                return this->q.empty();
            }
        private:
            std::queue<T> q;
            std::mutex mutex;
        };
    }

    class thread_pool {

    public:

        thread_pool() { this->init(); }
        thread_pool(int nThreads) { this->init(); this->resize(nThreads); }

        // the destructor waits for all the functions in the queue to be finished
        ~thread_pool() {
            this->stop(true);
        }

        // get the number of running threads in the pool
        int size() { return static_cast<int>(this->threads.size()); }

        // number of idle threads
        int n_idle() { return this->nWaiting; }
        std::thread & get_thread(int i) { return *this->threads[i]; }

        // change the number of threads in the pool
        // should be called from one thread, otherwise be careful to not interleave, also with this->stop()
        // nThreads must be >= 0
        void resize(int nThreads) {
            if (!this->isStop && !this->isDone) {
                int oldNThreads = static_cast<int>(this->threads.size());
                if (oldNThreads <= nThreads) {  // if the number of threads is increased
                    this->threads.resize(nThreads);
                    this->flags.resize(nThreads);

                    for (int i = oldNThreads; i < nThreads; ++i) {
                        this->flags[i] = std::make_shared<std::atomic<bool>>(false);
                        this->set_thread(i);
                    }
                }
                else {  // the number of threads is decreased
                    for (int i = oldNThreads - 1; i >= nThreads; --i) {
                        *this->flags[i] = true;  // this thread will finish
                        this->threads[i]->detach();
                    }
                    {
                        // stop the detached threads that were waiting
                        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->mutex);
                        this->cv.notify_all();
                    }
                    this->threads.resize(nThreads);  // safe to delete because the threads are detached
                    this->flags.resize(nThreads);  // safe to delete because the threads have copies of shared_ptr of the flags, not originals
                }
            }
        }

        // empty the queue
        void clear_queue() {
            std::function<void(int id)> * _f;
            while (this->q.pop(_f))
                delete _f; // empty the queue
        }

        // pops a functional wrapper to the original function
        std::function<void(int)> pop() {
            std::function<void(int id)> * _f = nullptr;
            this->q.pop(_f);
            std::unique_ptr<std::function<void(int id)>> func(_f); // at return, delete the function even if an exception occurred
            std::function<void(int)> f;
            if (_f)
                f = *_f;
            return f;
        }

        // wait for all computing threads to finish and stop all threads
        // may be called asynchronously to not pause the calling thread while waiting
        // if isWait == true, all the functions in the queue are run, otherwise the queue is cleared without running the functions
        void stop(bool isWait = false) {
            if (!isWait) {
                if (this->isStop)
                    return;
                this->isStop = true;
                for (int i = 0, n = this->size(); i < n; ++i) {
                    *this->flags[i] = true;  // command the threads to stop
                }
                this->clear_queue();  // empty the queue
            }
            else {
                if (this->isDone || this->isStop)
                    return;
                this->isDone = true;  // give the waiting threads a command to finish
            }
            {
                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->mutex);
                this->cv.notify_all();  // stop all waiting threads
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(this->threads.size()); ++i) {  // wait for the computing threads to finish
                    if (this->threads[i]->joinable())
                        this->threads[i]->join();
            }
            // if there were no threads in the pool but some functors in the queue, the functors are not deleted by the threads
            // therefore delete them here
            this->clear_queue();
            this->threads.clear();
            this->flags.clear();
        }

        template<typename F, typename... Rest>
        auto push(F && f, Rest&&... rest) ->std::future<decltype(f( 0,rest...))> {  //note: me edit
            auto pck = std::make_shared<std::packaged_task<decltype(f( 0,rest...))(int)>>( //note: me edit
                std::bind(std::forward<F>(f), std::placeholders::_1, std::forward<Rest>(rest)...)
                );
            auto _f = new std::function<void(int id)>([pck](int id) {
                (*pck)(id);
            });
            this->q.push(_f);
            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->mutex);
            this->cv.notify_one();
            return pck->get_future();
        }
		 
        template<typename F, typename... Rest>
        auto add_immediate(F && f, Rest&&... rest) ->std::future<decltype(f( rest...))> {  //note: me edit
//            return push([&](int zerooo,auto restLocal...){
//				return f(restLocal...);
//			},rest...);
//			return push([&](int zerooo){
//				return f(rest...);
//			});
			auto pck = std::make_shared<std::packaged_task<decltype(f( rest...))(int)>>( //note: me edit
                std::bind(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Rest>(rest)...)
                );
            auto _f = new std::function<void(int id)>([pck](int id) {
                (*pck)(id);
            });
			
            this->q.push(_f);
            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->mutex);
            this->cv.notify_one();
            return pck->get_future();
        }
		
        template<typename F>
        auto add_immediate(F && f) ->std::future<decltype(f())> {  //note: me edit
            return push([&](int zerooo){
				return f();
			});
        }


        // run the user's function that excepts argument int - id of the running thread. returned value is templatized
        // operator returns std::future, where the user can get the result and rethrow the catched exceptins
        template<typename F>
        auto push(F && f) ->std::future<decltype(f(0))> { //note: me edit
            auto pck = std::make_shared<std::packaged_task<decltype(f(0))(int)>>(std::forward<F>(f)); //note: me edit
            auto _f = new std::function<void(int id)>([pck](int id) {
                (*pck)(id);
            });
            this->q.push(_f);
            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->mutex);
            this->cv.notify_one();
            return pck->get_future();
        }


    private:

        // deleted
        thread_pool(const thread_pool &);// = delete;
        thread_pool(thread_pool &&);// = delete;
        thread_pool & operator=(const thread_pool &);// = delete;
        thread_pool & operator=(thread_pool &&);// = delete;

        void set_thread(int i) {
            std::shared_ptr<std::atomic<bool>> flag(this->flags[i]); // a copy of the shared ptr to the flag
            auto f = [this, i, flag/* a copy of the shared ptr to the flag */]() {
                std::atomic<bool> & _flag = *flag;
                std::function<void(int id)> * _f;
                bool isPop = this->q.pop(_f);
                while (true) {
                    while (isPop) {  // if there is anything in the queue
                        std::unique_ptr<std::function<void(int id)>> func(_f); // at return, delete the function even if an exception occurred
                        (*_f)(i);
                        if (_flag)
                            return;  // the thread is wanted to stop, return even if the queue is not empty yet
                        else
                            isPop = this->q.pop(_f);
                    }
                    // the queue is empty here, wait for the next command
                    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->mutex);
                    ++this->nWaiting;
                    this->cv.wait(lock, [this, &_f, &isPop, &_flag](){ isPop = this->q.pop(_f); return isPop || this->isDone || _flag; });
                    --this->nWaiting;
                    if (!isPop)
                        return;  // if the queue is empty and this->isDone == true or *flag then return
                }
            };
            this->threads[i].reset(new std::thread(f)); // compiler may not support std::make_unique()
        }

        void init() { this->nWaiting = 0; this->isStop = false; this->isDone = false; }

        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::thread>> threads;
        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<std::atomic<bool>>> flags;
        detail::Queue<std::function<void(int id)> *> q;
        std::atomic<bool> isDone;
        std::atomic<bool> isStop;
        std::atomic<int> nWaiting;  // how many threads are waiting

        std::mutex mutex;
        std::condition_variable cv;
    };

}
//-------------user here
ctpl::thread_pool pool(4);
class C{
	public: int d=35;
};
class B{
    public: C* c;
	public: void test(){
		std::vector<std::future<void>> cac;
        for(int n=0;n<5;n++){
            cac.push_back(
                pool.push([&](int threadId){  
                    test2();
                })
            );
        }
        for(auto& ele : cac){
            ele.get();
        }
	};
	public: void test2(){
		std::vector<std::future<void>> cac;
	    for(int n=0;n<5;n++){
			cac.push_back(
				pool.push([&](int threadId){  
					int accu=0;
					for(int i=0;i<10000;i++){
						accu+=i;
					}
					std::cout<<accu<<" access c="<<c->d<<std::endl;
				})
			);
		}
		for(auto& ele : cac){
            ele.get();
        }
	}
};
int main(){
	C c;
    B b; b.c=&c;
    b.test();
    std::cout<<"end"<<std::endl;
}