int freeRam ()
{
  extern int __heap_start, *__brkval;
  int v;
  return (int) &v - (__brkval == 0 ? (int) &__heap_start : (int) __brkval);
}

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  Serial.begin(115200);
  recurse(1);
}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

void recurse(long i) {
  Serial.println(i);
  recurse(i+1);
}

/*
stack_overflow
 - a quick program to force a stack overflow in order to see how many stack frames in a small function can be loaded onto the stack before the overflow occurs

By Gabriel Staples
www.ElectricRCAircraftGuy.com
Written: 6 Nov 2017
Updated: 6 Nov 2017

References:
 - Jumping into C++, by Alex Allain, pg. 230 - sample code here in the chapter on recursion

To compile and run:
Compile: g++ -Wall -std=c++11 stack_overflow_1.cpp -o stack_overflow_1
Run in Linux: ./stack_overflow_1
*/

#include <iostream>

void recurse(int count)
{
  std::cout << count << "n";
  recurse(count + 1);
}

int main()
{
  recurse(1);
}

/*
recursion_until_stack_overflow
- do a quick recursion test to see how many times I can make the call before the stack overflows

Gabriel Staples
Written: 6 Mar. 2018
Updated: 7 Mar. 2018

References:
- Jumping Into C++, by Alex Allain, Ch. 16: Recursion, p.230
*/

// Force the compiler to NOT optimize! Otherwise this recursive function below just gets optimized into a count++ type
// incrementer instead of doing actual recursion with new frames on the stack each time. This is required since we are
// trying to force stack overflow.
// - See here for all optimization levels: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Optimize-Options.html
//   - They include: -O1, -O2, -O3, -O0, -Os (Arduino's default I believe), -Ofast, & -Og.

// I mention `#pragma GCC optimize` in my article here: http://www.electricrcaircraftguy.com/2014/01/the-power-of-arduino.html
#pragma GCC optimize ("-O0")

void recurse(unsigned long count) // each call gets its own "count" variable in a new stack frame
{
  // delay(1000);
  Serial.println(count);

  // It is not necessary to increment count since each function's variables are separate (so the count in each stack
  // frame will be initialized one greater than the last count)
  recurse (count + 1);

  // GS: notice that there is no base condition; ie: this recursive function, once called, will never finish and return!
}

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println(F("nbegin"));
  // First function call, so it starts at 1
  recurse (1);
}

void loop()
{
}