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logicmoo

NAL TEST (still reader only)

logicmoo
Feb 14th, 2021 (edited)
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  1. NAL TEST
  2.  
  3. -----------------------------
  4. 'the detective claims that tim lives in graz
  5. -----------------------------
  6. %  ['$COMMENT'("the detective claims that tim lives in graz", -1, -1)].
  7.  
  8. -----------------------------
  9. <{tim} --> (/,livingIn,_,{graz})>.
  10. -----------------------------
  11. %  [ task(judgement,
  12. %           inheritance(ext_set([tim]), ext_image([livingIn, '_', ext_set([graz])])),
  13. %           _,
  14. %           _,
  15. %           Task)
  16. %    ].
  17.  
  18. -----------------------------
  19. <bird --> swimmer>. %0.87;0.91%
  20. -----------------------------
  21. %  [task(judgement, inheritance(bird, swimmer), _, [0.87, 0.91], Task)].
  22.  
  23. -----------------------------
  24. ''outputMustContain('<bird --> swimmer>. %0.87;0.91%')
  25. -----------------------------
  26. %  ['$COMMENT'("'outputMustContain('<bird --> swimmer>. %0.87;0.91%')", -1, -1)].
  27.  
  28. -----------------------------
  29. 1
  30. -----------------------------
  31. %  [do_steps(1)].
  32.  
  33. -----------------------------
  34. $1
  35. -----------------------------
  36. %  [nal_term(var(ind, 1))].
  37.  
  38. -----------------------------
  39. #1
  40. -----------------------------
  41. %  [nal_term(var(dep, 1))].
  42.  
  43. -----------------------------
  44. ?1
  45. -----------------------------
  46. %  [nal_term(var(query, 1))].
  47.  
  48. -----------------------------
  49. /1
  50. -----------------------------
  51. %  [nal_term(var(arg, 1))].
  52.  
  53. -----------------------------
  54. \1
  55. -----------------------------
  56. %  [nal_term(var(int, 1))].
  57.  
  58. -----------------------------
  59. 'eating tiger
  60. -----------------------------
  61. %  ['$COMMENT'("eating tiger", -1, -1)].
  62.  
  63. -----------------------------
  64. (eat /1 tiger)
  65. -----------------------------
  66. %  [nal_term(ext_image([eat, '_', tiger]))].
  67.  
  68. -----------------------------
  69. (/,eat,_,tiger)
  70. -----------------------------
  71. %  [nal_term(ext_image([eat, '_', tiger]))].
  72.  
  73. -----------------------------
  74. 'eaten by tiger
  75. -----------------------------
  76. %  ['$COMMENT'("eaten by tiger", -1, -1)].
  77.  
  78. -----------------------------
  79. (eat /2 tiger)
  80. -----------------------------
  81. %  [nal_term(ext_image([eat, tiger, '_']))].
  82.  
  83. -----------------------------
  84. (/,eat,tiger,_)
  85. -----------------------------
  86. %  [nal_term(ext_image([eat, tiger, '_']))].
  87.  
  88. -----------------------------
  89. 'intensional eating
  90. -----------------------------
  91. %  ['$COMMENT'("intensional eating", -1, -1)].
  92.  
  93. -----------------------------
  94. (eat \1 tiger)
  95. -----------------------------
  96. %  [nal_term(int_image([eat, '_', tiger]))].
  97.  
  98. -----------------------------
  99. (\,eat,_,tiger)
  100. -----------------------------
  101. %  [nal_term(int_image([eat, '_', tiger]))].
  102.  
  103. -----------------------------
  104. (eat \2 tiger)
  105. -----------------------------
  106. %  [nal_term(int_image([eat, tiger, '_']))].
  107.  
  108. -----------------------------
  109. (\,eat,tiger,_)
  110. -----------------------------
  111. %  [nal_term(int_image([eat, tiger, '_']))].
  112.  
  113. -----------------------------
  114. 'Revision ------
  115.  
  116. 'Bird is a type of swimmer.
  117. <bird --> swimmer>.
  118.  
  119. 'Bird is probably not a type of swimmer.
  120. <bird --> swimmer>. %0.10;0.60%
  121.  
  122. 1
  123.  
  124. 'Bird is very likely to be a type of swimmer.
  125. ''outputMustContain('<bird --> swimmer>. %0.87;0.91%')
  126. -----------------------------
  127. %  [ '$COMMENT'("Revision ------", -1, -1),
  128. %      '$COMMENT'("Bird is a type of swimmer.", -1, -1),
  129. %      task(judgement, inheritance(bird, swimmer), _, _, Task),
  130. %      '$COMMENT'("Bird is probably not a type of swimmer.", -1, -1),
  131. %      task(judgement, inheritance(bird, swimmer), _, [0.1, 0.6], Task1),
  132. %      do_steps(1),
  133. %      '$COMMENT'("Bird is very likely to be a type of swimmer.", -1, -1),
  134. %      '$COMMENT'("'outputMustContain('<bird --> swimmer>. %0.87;0.91%')", -1, -1)
  135. %    ].
  136.  
  137. -----------------------------
  138.  
  139. ********** revision
  140.   IN: <bird --> swimmer>. %1.00;0.90% {0 : 1}
  141.   IN: <bird --> swimmer>. %0.10;0.60% {0 : 2}
  142. 1
  143.  OUT: <bird --> swimmer>. %0.87;0.91% {1 : 1;2}
  144. -----------------------------
  145. %  [ '$COMMENT'("******** revision", -1, -1),
  146. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  147. %                  inheritance(bird, swimmer),
  148. %                  _,
  149. %                  [1.0, 0.9],
  150. %                  Task),
  151. %             0:1),
  152. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  153. %                  inheritance(bird, swimmer),
  154. %                  _,
  155. %                  [0.1, 0.6],
  156. %                  Task1),
  157. %             0:2),
  158. %      do_steps(1),
  159. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  160. %                   inheritance(bird, swimmer),
  161. %                   _,
  162. %                   [0.87, 0.91],
  163. %                   Task2),
  164. %               (1:1;2))
  165. %    ].
  166.  
  167. -----------------------------
  168. ********** deduction
  169.   IN: <bird --> animal>. %1.00;0.90% {0 : 1}
  170.   IN: <robin --> bird>. %1.00;0.90% {0 : 2}
  171. 1
  172.  OUT: <robin --> animal>. %1.00;0.81% {1 : 2;1}
  173.  OUT: <animal --> robin>. %1.00;0.45% {1 : 2;1}
  174. -----------------------------
  175. %  [ '$COMMENT'("******** deduction", -1, -1),
  176. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  177. %                  inheritance(bird, animal),
  178. %                  _,
  179. %                  [1.0, 0.9],
  180. %                  Task),
  181. %             0:1),
  182. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  183. %                  inheritance(robin, bird),
  184. %                  _,
  185. %                  [1.0, 0.9],
  186. %                  Task1),
  187. %             0:2),
  188. %      do_steps(1),
  189. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  190. %                   inheritance(robin, animal),
  191. %                   _,
  192. %                   [1.0, 0.81],
  193. %                   Task2),
  194. %               (1:2;1)),
  195. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  196. %                   inheritance(animal, robin),
  197. %                   _,
  198. %                   [1.0, 0.45],
  199. %                   Task3),
  200. %               (1:2;1))
  201. %    ].
  202.  
  203. -----------------------------
  204.  
  205. ********** abduction
  206.   IN: <sport --> competition>. %1.00;0.90% {0 : 1}
  207.   IN: <chess --> competition>. %0.90;0.90% {0 : 2}
  208. 1
  209.  OUT: <sport --> chess>. %1.00;0.42% {1 : 2;1}
  210.  OUT: <chess --> sport>. %0.90;0.45% {1 : 2;1}
  211.  OUT: <chess <-> sport>. %0.90;0.45% {1 : 2;1}
  212.  OUT: <(&,chess,sport) --> competition>. %1.00;0.81% {1 : 2;1}
  213.  OUT: <(<PIPE>,chess,sport) --> competition>. %0.90;0.81% {1 : 2;1}
  214.  OUT: <<sport --> $1> ==> <chess --> $1>>. %0.90;0.45% {1 : 2;1}
  215.  OUT: <<chess --> $1> ==> <sport --> $1>>. %1.00;0.42% {1 : 2;1}
  216.  OUT: <<chess --> $1> <=> <sport --> $1>>. %0.90;0.45% {1 : 2;1}
  217.  OUT: (&&,<chess --> #1>,<sport --> #1>). %0.90;0.81% {1 : 2;1}
  218. -----------------------------
  219. %  [ '$COMMENT'("******** abduction", -1, -1),
  220. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  221. %                  inheritance(sport, competition),
  222. %                  _,
  223. %                  [1.0, 0.9],
  224. %                  Task),
  225. %             0:1),
  226. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  227. %                  inheritance(chess, competition),
  228. %                  _,
  229. %                  [0.9, 0.9],
  230. %                  Task1),
  231. %             0:2),
  232. %      do_steps(1),
  233. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  234. %                   inheritance(sport, chess),
  235. %                   _,
  236. %                   [1.0, 0.42],
  237. %                   Task2),
  238. %               (1:2;1)),
  239. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  240. %                   inheritance(chess, sport),
  241. %                   _,
  242. %                   [0.9, 0.45],
  243. %                   Task3),
  244. %               (1:2;1)),
  245. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  246. %                   similarity(chess, sport),
  247. %                   _,
  248. %                   [0.9, 0.45],
  249. %                   Task4),
  250. %               (1:2;1)),
  251. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  252. %                   inheritance(ext_intersection([chess, sport]), competition),
  253. %                   _,
  254. %                   [1.0, 0.81],
  255. %                   Task5),
  256. %               (1:2;1)),
  257. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  258. %                   inheritance(int_intersection([chess, sport]), competition),
  259. %                   _,
  260. %                   [0.9, 0.81],
  261. %                   Task6),
  262. %               (1:2;1)),
  263. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  264. %                   implication(inheritance(sport, var(ind, 1)),
  265. %                               inheritance(chess, var(ind, 1))),
  266. %                   _,
  267. %                   [0.9, 0.45],
  268. %                   Task7),
  269. %               (1:2;1)),
  270. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  271. %                   implication(inheritance(chess, var(ind, 1)),
  272. %                               inheritance(sport, var(ind, 1))),
  273. %                   _,
  274. %                   [1.0, 0.42],
  275. %                   Task8),
  276. %               (1:2;1)),
  277. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  278. %                   equiv(inheritance(chess, var(ind, 1)),
  279. %                         inheritance(sport, var(ind, 1))),
  280. %                   _,
  281. %                   [0.9, 0.45],
  282. %                   Task9),
  283. %               (1:2;1)),
  284. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  285. %                   nal_named_statement(and([ inheritance(chess, var(dep, 1)),
  286. %                                             inheritance(sport, var(dep, 1))
  287. %                                           ])),
  288. %                   _,
  289. %                   [0.9, 0.81],
  290. %                   Task10),
  291. %               (1:2;1))
  292. %    ].
  293.  
  294. -----------------------------
  295.  
  296. ********* induction
  297.   IN: <swan --> swimmer>. %0.90;0.90% {0 : 1}
  298.   IN: <swan --> bird>. %1.00;0.90% {0 : 2}
  299. 1
  300.  OUT: <bird --> swimmer>. %0.90;0.45% {1 : 2;1}
  301.  OUT: <swimmer --> bird>. %1.00;0.42% {1 : 2;1}
  302.  OUT: <bird <-> swimmer>. %0.90;0.45% {1 : 2;1}
  303.  OUT: <swan --> (<PIPE>,bird,swimmer)>. %1.00;0.81% {1 : 2;1}
  304.  OUT: <swan --> (&,bird,swimmer)>. %0.90;0.81% {1 : 2;1}
  305.  OUT: <<$1 --> swimmer> ==> <$1 --> bird>>. %1.00;0.42% {1 : 2;1}
  306.  OUT: <<$1 --> bird> ==> <$1 --> swimmer>>. %0.90;0.45% {1 : 2;1}
  307.  OUT: <<$1 --> bird> <=> <$1 --> swimmer>>. %0.90;0.45% {1 : 2;1}
  308.  OUT: (&&,<#1 --> bird>,<#1 --> swimmer>). %0.90;0.81% {1 : 2;1}
  309. -----------------------------
  310. %  [ '$COMMENT'("******* induction", -1, -1),
  311. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  312. %                  inheritance(swan, swimmer),
  313. %                  _,
  314. %                  [0.9, 0.9],
  315. %                  Task),
  316. %             0:1),
  317. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  318. %                  inheritance(swan, bird),
  319. %                  _,
  320. %                  [1.0, 0.9],
  321. %                  Task1),
  322. %             0:2),
  323. %      do_steps(1),
  324. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  325. %                   inheritance(bird, swimmer),
  326. %                   _,
  327. %                   [0.9, 0.45],
  328. %                   Task2),
  329. %               (1:2;1)),
  330. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  331. %                   inheritance(swimmer, bird),
  332. %                   _,
  333. %                   [1.0, 0.42],
  334. %                   Task3),
  335. %               (1:2;1)),
  336. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  337. %                   similarity(bird, swimmer),
  338. %                   _,
  339. %                   [0.9, 0.45],
  340. %                   Task4),
  341. %               (1:2;1)),
  342. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  343. %                   inheritance(swan, int_intersection([bird, swimmer])),
  344. %                   _,
  345. %                   [1.0, 0.81],
  346. %                   Task5),
  347. %               (1:2;1)),
  348. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  349. %                   inheritance(swan, ext_intersection([bird, swimmer])),
  350. %                   _,
  351. %                   [0.9, 0.81],
  352. %                   Task6),
  353. %               (1:2;1)),
  354. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  355. %                   implication(inheritance(var(ind, 1), swimmer),
  356. %                               inheritance(var(ind, 1), bird)),
  357. %                   _,
  358. %                   [1.0, 0.42],
  359. %                   Task7),
  360. %               (1:2;1)),
  361. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  362. %                   implication(inheritance(var(ind, 1), bird),
  363. %                               inheritance(var(ind, 1), swimmer)),
  364. %                   _,
  365. %                   [0.9, 0.45],
  366. %                   Task8),
  367. %               (1:2;1)),
  368. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  369. %                   equiv(inheritance(var(ind, 1), bird),
  370. %                         inheritance(var(ind, 1), swimmer)),
  371. %                   _,
  372. %                   [0.9, 0.45],
  373. %                   Task9),
  374. %               (1:2;1)),
  375. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  376. %                   nal_named_statement(and([ inheritance(var(dep, 1), bird),
  377. %                                             inheritance(var(dep, 1), swimmer)
  378. %                                           ])),
  379. %                   _,
  380. %                   [0.9, 0.81],
  381. %                   Task10),
  382. %               (1:2;1))
  383. %    ].
  384.  
  385. -----------------------------
  386.  
  387. ********** exemplification
  388.   IN: <robin --> bird>. %1.00;0.90% {0 : 1}
  389.   IN: <bird --> animal>. %1.00;0.90% {0 : 2}
  390. 1
  391.  OUT: <robin --> animal>. %1.00;0.81% {1 : 2;1}
  392.  OUT: <animal --> robin>. %1.00;0.45% {1 : 2;1}
  393. -----------------------------
  394. %  [ '$COMMENT'("******** exemplification", -1, -1),
  395. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  396. %                  inheritance(robin, bird),
  397. %                  _,
  398. %                  [1.0, 0.9],
  399. %                  Task),
  400. %             0:1),
  401. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  402. %                  inheritance(bird, animal),
  403. %                  _,
  404. %                  [1.0, 0.9],
  405. %                  Task1),
  406. %             0:2),
  407. %      do_steps(1),
  408. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  409. %                   inheritance(robin, animal),
  410. %                   _,
  411. %                   [1.0, 0.81],
  412. %                   Task2),
  413. %               (1:2;1)),
  414. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  415. %                   inheritance(animal, robin),
  416. %                   _,
  417. %                   [1.0, 0.45],
  418. %                   Task3),
  419. %               (1:2;1))
  420. %    ].
  421.  
  422. -----------------------------
  423.  
  424. ********** conversion
  425.   IN: <bird --> swimmer>. %1.00;0.90% {0 : 1}
  426.   IN: <swimmer --> bird>?  {0 : 2}
  427. 2
  428.  OUT: <swimmer --> bird>. %1.00;0.47% {2 : 1}
  429. -----------------------------
  430. %  [ '$COMMENT'("******** conversion", -1, -1),
  431. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  432. %                  inheritance(bird, swimmer),
  433. %                  _,
  434. %                  [1.0, 0.9],
  435. %                  Task),
  436. %             0:1),
  437. %      nal_in(task(question_truth,
  438. %                  inheritance(swimmer, bird),
  439. %                  _,
  440. %                  _,
  441. %                  Task1),
  442. %             0:2),
  443. %      do_steps(2),
  444. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  445. %                   inheritance(swimmer, bird),
  446. %                   _,
  447. %                   [1.0, 0.47],
  448. %                   Task2),
  449. %              2:1)
  450. %    ].
  451.  
  452. -----------------------------
  453.  
  454. ********** y/n question
  455.   IN: <bird --> swimmer>. %1.00;0.90% {0 : 1}
  456.   IN: <bird --> swimmer>?  {0 : 2}
  457. 1
  458.  OUT: <bird --> swimmer>. %1.00;0.90% {0 : 1}
  459. -----------------------------
  460. %  [ '$COMMENT'("******** y/n question", -1, -1),
  461. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  462. %                  inheritance(bird, swimmer),
  463. %                  _,
  464. %                  [1.0, 0.9],
  465. %                  Task),
  466. %             0:1),
  467. %      nal_in(task(question_truth,
  468. %                  inheritance(bird, swimmer),
  469. %                  _,
  470. %                  _,
  471. %                  Task1),
  472. %             0:2),
  473. %      do_steps(1),
  474. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  475. %                   inheritance(bird, swimmer),
  476. %                   _,
  477. %                   [1.0, 0.9],
  478. %                   Task2),
  479. %              0:1)
  480. %    ].
  481.  
  482. -----------------------------
  483.  
  484. ********** wh-question
  485.   IN: <bird --> swimmer>. %1.00;0.80% {0 : 1}
  486.   IN: <?1 --> swimmer>?  {0 : 2}
  487. 1
  488.  OUT: <bird --> swimmer>. %1.00;0.80% {0 : 1}
  489. -----------------------------
  490. %  [ '$COMMENT'("******** wh-question", -1, -1),
  491. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  492. %                  inheritance(bird, swimmer),
  493. %                  _,
  494. %                  [1.0, 0.8],
  495. %                  Task),
  496. %             0:1),
  497. %      nal_in(task(question_truth,
  498. %                  inheritance(var(query, 1), swimmer),
  499. %                  _,
  500. %                  _,
  501. %                  Task1),
  502. %             0:2),
  503. %      do_steps(1),
  504. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  505. %                   inheritance(bird, swimmer),
  506. %                   _,
  507. %                   [1.0, 0.8],
  508. %                   Task2),
  509. %              0:1)
  510. %    ].
  511.  
  512. -----------------------------
  513.  
  514.  
  515. 'the detective claims that tim lives in graz
  516. '<{tim} --> (/,livingIn,_,{graz})>.
  517. 'and lawyer claims that this is not the case
  518. <{tim} --> (/,livingIn,_,{graz})>. %0%
  519. 100
  520. 'the first deponent, a psychologist,
  521. 'claims that people with sunglasses are more aggressive
  522. <<(*,$1,sunglasses) --> own> ==> <$1 --> [aggressive]>>.
  523. 'the third deponent claims, that he has seen tom with sunglasses on:
  524. <(*,{tom},sunglasses) --> own>.
  525. 'the teacher claims, that people who are aggressive tend to be murders
  526. <<$1 --> [aggressive]> ==> <$1 --> murder>>.
  527. 'the second deponent claims, that if the person lives in Graz, he is surely the murder
  528. <<$1 --> (/,livingIn,_,{graz})> ==> <$1 --> murder>>.
  529. 'who is the murder?
  530. <{?who} --> murder>?
  531. ''outputMustContain('<{tom} --> murder>. %1.00;0.73%')
  532.  
  533. -----------------------------
  534. %  [ '$COMMENT'("the detective claims that tim lives in graz", -1, -1),
  535. %      '$COMMENT'("<{tim} --> (/,livingIn,_,{graz})>.", -1, -1),
  536. %      '$COMMENT'("and lawyer claims that this is not the case", -1, -1),
  537. %      task(judgement,
  538. %           inheritance(ext_set([tim]), ext_image([livingIn, '_', ext_set([graz])])),
  539. %           _,
  540. %           [0, CAR],
  541. %           Task),
  542. %      do_steps(100),
  543. %      '$COMMENT'("the first deponent, a psychologist,", -1, -1),
  544. %      '$COMMENT'("claims that people with sunglasses are more aggressive", -1, -1),
  545. %      task(judgement,
  546. %           implication(inheritance(product([var(ind, 1), sunglasses]), own),
  547. %                       inheritance(var(ind, 1), int_set([aggressive]))),
  548. %           _,
  549. %           _,
  550. %           Task1),
  551. %      '$COMMENT'("the third deponent claims, that he has seen tom with sunglasses on:",
  552. %                 -1,
  553. %                 -1),
  554. %      task(judgement,
  555. %           inheritance(product([ext_set([tom]), sunglasses]), own),
  556. %           _,
  557. %           _,
  558. %           Task2),
  559. %      '$COMMENT'("the teacher claims, that people who are aggressive tend to be murders",
  560. %                 -1,
  561. %                 -1),
  562. %      task(judgement,
  563. %           implication(inheritance(var(ind, 1), int_set([aggressive])),
  564. %                       inheritance(var(ind, 1), murder)),
  565. %           _,
  566. %           _,
  567. %           Task3),
  568. %      '$COMMENT'("the second deponent claims, that if the person lives in Graz, he is surely the murder",
  569. %                 -1,
  570. %                 -1),
  571. %      task(judgement,
  572. %           implication(inheritance(var(ind, 1),
  573. %                                   ext_image([livingIn, '_', ext_set([graz])])),
  574. %                       inheritance(var(ind, 1), murder)),
  575. %           _,
  576. %           _,
  577. %           Task4),
  578. %      '$COMMENT'("who is the murder?", -1, -1),
  579. %      task(question_truth,
  580. %           inheritance(ext_set([var(query, who)]), murder),
  581. %           _,
  582. %           _,
  583. %           Task5),
  584. %      '$COMMENT'("'outputMustContain('<{tom} --> murder>. %1.00;0.73%')", -1, -1)
  585. %    ].
  586.  
  587. -----------------------------
  588.  
  589. ' Custom truth values These are added by appending {0.0 0.9} instead of %0.0;0.9% as we believe this increased the readability.
  590.  
  591. ' Example
  592.  
  593. ********** wh-question
  594.   IN: <bird --> swimmer>. %1.00;0.80% {0 : 1}
  595.   IN: <?1 --> swimmer>?  {0 : 2}
  596. 1
  597.  OUT: <bird --> swimmer>. %1.00;0.80% {0 : 1}
  598.  
  599. ' can now be
  600.  
  601.  
  602. ********** wh-question
  603.   IN: <bird --> swimmer>. {1.0 0.80} {0 : 1}
  604.   IN: <?1 --> swimmer>?  {0 : 2}
  605. 1
  606.  OUT: <bird --> swimmer>. {1.0 0.80} {0 : 1}
  607.  
  608. -----------------------------
  609. %  [ '$COMMENT'(" Custom truth values These are added by appending {0.0 0.9} instead of %0.0;0.9% as we believe this increased the readability.",
  610. %                 -1,
  611. %                 -1),
  612. %      '$COMMENT'(" Example", -1, -1),
  613. %      '$COMMENT'("******** wh-question", -1, -1),
  614. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  615. %                  inheritance(bird, swimmer),
  616. %                  _,
  617. %                  [1.0, 0.8],
  618. %                  Task),
  619. %             0:1),
  620. %      nal_in(task(question_truth,
  621. %                  inheritance(var(query, 1), swimmer),
  622. %                  _,
  623. %                  _,
  624. %                  Task1),
  625. %             0:2),
  626. %      do_steps(1),
  627. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  628. %                   inheritance(bird, swimmer),
  629. %                   _,
  630. %                   [1.0, 0.8],
  631. %                   Task2),
  632. %              0:1),
  633. %      '$COMMENT'(" can now be", -1, -1),
  634. %      '$COMMENT'("******** wh-question", -1, -1),
  635. %      nal_in(task(judgement,
  636. %                  inheritance(bird, swimmer),
  637. %                  _,
  638. %                  [1.0, 0.8],
  639. %                  Task3),
  640. %             0:1),
  641. %      nal_in(task(question_truth,
  642. %                  inheritance(var(query, 1), swimmer),
  643. %                  _,
  644. %                  _,
  645. %                  Task4),
  646. %             0:2),
  647. %      do_steps(1),
  648. %      nal_out(task(judgement,
  649. %                   inheritance(bird, swimmer),
  650. %                   _,
  651. %                   [1.0, 0.8],
  652. %                   Task5),
  653. %              0:1)
  654. %    ].
  655.  
  656. -----------------------------
  657.  
  658. 'Intervals, to measure expected time distances between events, are always learned by ONA and stored as meta-data, they are not part of the Narsese I/O format anymore. Hence a sequence
  659.  
  660. (&/,a,+5,b)
  661.  
  662. ' becomes
  663.  
  664. (&/,a,b)
  665.  
  666. ' or
  667.  
  668. (a &/ b)
  669.  
  670. ' and also the interval for implications is not used anymore.
  671.  
  672. -----------------------------
  673. %  [ '$COMMENT'("Intervals, to measure expected time distances between events, are always learned by ONA and stored as meta-data, they are not part of the Narsese I/O format anymore. Hence a sequence",
  674. %                 -1,
  675. %                 -1),
  676. %      nal_term(sequence_evnts([a, + 5, b])),
  677. %      '$COMMENT'(" becomes", -1, -1),
  678. %      nal_term(sequence_evnts([a, b])),
  679. %      '$COMMENT'(" or", -1, -1),
  680. %      nal_term(sequence_evnts([a, b])),
  681. %      '$COMMENT'(" and also the interval for implications is not used anymore.",
  682. %                 -1,
  683. %                 -1)
  684. %    ].
  685.  
  686. -----------------------------
  687.  
  688. 'Operators The syntactic sugar
  689.  
  690. (^op,arg_1,arg_2,arg_3,arg_n)
  691.  
  692. ' is not supported anymore, instead the full notation has to be used which is supported by both systems:
  693.  
  694. <(*,arg_1,arg_2,arg_3,arg_n) --> ^op>
  695.  
  696. ' though for operations without arguments, the following shortcut can be used:
  697.  
  698. ^op
  699.  
  700. -----------------------------
  701. %  [ '$COMMENT'("Operators The syntactic sugar", -1, -1),
  702. %      nal_term(product([exec([op]), arg_1, arg_2, arg_3, arg_n])),
  703. %      '$COMMENT'(" is not supported anymore, instead the full notation has to be used which is supported by both systems:",
  704. %                 -1,
  705. %                 -1),
  706. %      nal_term(inheritance(product([arg_1, arg_2, arg_3, arg_n]), exec([op]))),
  707. %      '$COMMENT'(" though for operations without arguments, the following shortcut can be used:",
  708. %                 -1,
  709. %                 -1),
  710. %      nal_term(exec([op]))
  711. %    ].
  712.  
  713. -----------------------------
  714.  
  715. 'Restrictions
  716.  
  717. '1. Copulas in ONA are binary, since it's using an array-based heap for terms.
  718. ' While there are ways to encode n-ary relations in a binary heap, the ONA philosophy, following KISS,
  719. ' encourages the use of left-nesting, which is also used by the system itself to compose sequences of events:
  720.  
  721. ((a &/ b) &/ c).
  722.  
  723. -----------------------------
  724. %  [ '$COMMENT'("Restrictions", -1, -1),
  725. %      '$COMMENT'("1. Copulas in ONA are binary, since it's using an array-based heap for terms. ",
  726. %                 -1,
  727. %                 -1),
  728. %      '$COMMENT'(" While there are ways to encode n-ary relations in a binary heap, the ONA philosophy, following KISS, ",
  729. %                 -1,
  730. %                 -1),
  731. %      '$COMMENT'(" encourages the use of left-nesting, which is also used by the system itself to compose sequences of events:",
  732. %                 -1,
  733. %                 -1),
  734. %      task(judgement,
  735. %           nal_named_statement(sequence_evnts([sequence_evnts([a, b]), c])),
  736. %           _,
  737. %           _,
  738. %           Task)
  739. %    ].
  740.  
  741. -----------------------------
  742.  
  743. '2. The parallel temporal copula &<PIPE> is not implemented, please use &/ for now, again due to KISS.
  744. ' If the order does not matter in some background knowledge we want to give the system, in addition to
  745.  
  746. <(a &/ b) =/> c>
  747.  
  748. ' also give it
  749.  
  750. <(b &/ a) =/> c>
  751.  
  752. ' to achieve the same as with &<PIPE> for now.
  753. -----------------------------
  754. %  [ '$COMMENT'("2. The parallel temporal copula &| is not implemented, please use &/ for now, again due to KISS. ",
  755. %                 -1,
  756. %                 -1),
  757. %      '$COMMENT'(" If the order does not matter in some background knowledge we want to give the system, in addition to",
  758. %                 -1,
  759. %                 -1),
  760. %      nal_term(predictive_impl(sequence_evnts([a, b]), c)),
  761. %      '$COMMENT'(" also give it", -1, -1),
  762. %      nal_term(predictive_impl(sequence_evnts([b, a]), c)),
  763. %      '$COMMENT'(" to achieve the same as with &| for now.", -1, -1)
  764. %    ].
  765.  
  766. -----------------------------
  767.  
  768. 'Optional syntactic improvements
  769. ' The ONA parser does not require commas, and doesn't distinguish between < and (, also it supports infix format.
  770.  
  771. <(<PIPE>,a,b) --> M>.
  772.  
  773. ' can be written as
  774.  
  775. <(a <PIPE> b) --> M>.
  776.  
  777. ' or even as
  778.  
  779. ((a <PIPE> b) --> M).
  780.  
  781. ' Note: Spaces cannot be omitted.
  782. -----------------------------
  783. %  [ '$COMMENT'("Optional syntactic improvements", -1, -1),
  784. %      '$COMMENT'(" The ONA parser does not require commas, and doesn't distinguish between < and (, also it supports infix format.",
  785. %                 -1,
  786. %                 -1),
  787. %      task(judgement,
  788. %           inheritance(int_intersection([a, b]), 'M'),
  789. %           _,
  790. %           _,
  791. %           Task),
  792. %      '$COMMENT'(" can be written as", -1, -1),
  793. %      task(judgement,
  794. %           inheritance(int_intersection([a, b]), 'M'),
  795. %           _,
  796. %           _,
  797. %           Task1),
  798. %      '$COMMENT'(" or even as", -1, -1),
  799. %      task(judgement,
  800. %           inheritance(int_intersection([a, b]), 'M'),
  801. %           _,
  802. %           _,
  803. %           Task2),
  804. %      '$COMMENT'(" Note: Spaces cannot be omitted.", -1, -1)
  805. %    ].
  806. true.
  807.  
  808. baseKB:  ?-
  809.  
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