private fun smartCasting(someObject: Any?) { //Any is the root class of all Kotlin objects
    if (someObject is String) {
        println("SomeObject is a String of value \"$someObject\" ")
    } else if (someObject is Int) {
        println("SomeObject is an Int of $someObject")
        println(someObject + 4)
    } else if (someObject is Employee) {
        println("SomeObject is an Employee named ${someObject.name}")
    } else {
        println("we\`re not sure what it is")
    }
    //the above structure can be converted to `when`. This is covered in Part 4.
}