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  1. Biggest Cities of the Umayyad Caliphate in 1000 A.D
  2.  
  3. 1. Qurtubah (Córdoba) 250,000 (2)
  4. 2. Madinat al-Zahra 17,000 (3) 112 ha, 150/ha
  5. 3. Tulaytulah (Toledo) 16,000 (26) 106 ha, 150/ha
  6. 4. Sijilmasa 15,000 (7) 100 ha, 150/ha
  7. 5. Saraqustah (Zaragoza) 14,000 (14) 90 ha + suburbs
  8. 6. Maridah (Mérida) 11,000 (1) 75 ha, 150/ha
  9. 7. Mursiyyah (Murcia) 10,000 (1)
  10. 8. Isbiliyyah (Seville) 9,000 (28) 60 ha, 150/ha
  11. 9. Nakur 9,000 (6) 60 ha, 150/ha
  12. 10. Al-Aliya (Fez, western side) 8,000 (9) 50 ha, 150/ha
  13. 11. Balansiyyah (Valencia) 8,000 (1 / 11) 42 ha + suburbs
  14. 12. Batalyaws (Badajoz) 8,000 (21) 50 ha, 150/ha
  15. 13. Madinat Ilbirah (Atarfe) 8,000 (5) 50 ha, 150/ha
  16. 14. Sabtah (Ceuta) 8,000 (4) 55 ha, 150/ha
  17. 15. Madinat Fas (Fez, eastern side) 7,000 (9) 45 ha, 150/ha
  18. 16. Istiggah (Écija) 6,000 (22) 40 ha, 150/ha
  19. 17. Malaqah (Málaga) 6,000 (24) 40 ha, 150/ha
  20. 18. Qarmunah (Carmona) 6,000 (13) 38 ha, 150/ha
  21. 19. Agadir (Tlemcen) 5,000 (16) 35 ha, 150/ha
  22. 20. Al-Usbunah (Lisbon) 5,000 (20) 30 ha, 150/ha
  23. 21. Basra 5,000 (8) 30 ha, 150/ha
  24. 22. Madinat Mayurqah (Palma de Mallorca) 5,000 (36) 30 ha, 150/ha
  25. 23. Barbastur (Barbastro) 4,000 (12) 25 ha with suburbs
  26. 24. Bayyasah (Baeza) 4,000 (29) 27 ha, 150/ha
  27. 25. Laridah (Lérida) 4,000 (31) 28 ha, 150/ha
  28. 26. Madinat al-Mariyyah (Almería) 4,000 (35) 25 ha, 150/ha
  29. 27. Wasqah (Huesca) 4,000 (32) 24 ha, 150/ha
  30. 28. Abilah (Ávila) 3,000 (33) 23 ha, 150/ha
  31. 29. Anduyar (Andújar) 3,000 (34) 20 ha, 150/ha
  32. 30. Qulumriyyah (Coimbra) 3,000 (1 / 18) 20 ha, 150/ha
  33. 31. Salmantiqah (Salamanca) 3,000 (27) 20 ha, 150/ha
  34. 32. Tanyah al-Baydah (Tangier) 3,000 (10) 20 ha, 150/ha
  35. 33. Tarraqunah (Tarragona) 3,000 (17) 20 ha, 150/ha
  36. 34. Tutilah (Tudela) 3,000 (30) 23 ha, 150/ha
  37. 35. Turtusah (Tortosa) 3,000 (15) 20 ha, 150/ha
  38.  
  39. • (1) https://ssh.datastations.nl/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.17026/dans-xzy-u62q
  40. • (2) https://www.arqueocordoba.com/en/historia/medieval/arrabales/ - Córdoba - Over 1600 hectares in size, using average Andalusian population density of 150 per hectare and + slightly increasing the population estimate to take account of the area covered by the city not displayed on the map
  41. • (3) https://www.arqueocordoba.com/en/historia/medieval/madinat-al-zahra/ - Madinat al-Zahra – Area about 112 ha
  42. • (4) https://www.academia.edu/19633314/Ceuta?sm=b&rhid=34522313685 – Ceuta – early Islamic urban centre covered 55 ha without expansions
  43. • (5) https://lacoradeilbira.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/excavacuiones-actual-scaled.jpg – Atarfe – Urban area / medina area about 50 ha
  44. • (6) https://amyaz.fr/uploads/66db1b7b250c7.pdf – Nekor – walling about 60 ha
  45. • (7) https://visitdraatafilalet.com/en/destinations/sijilmassa/ - Sijilmasa – surface about 100 ha
  46. • (8) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basra,_Morocco – Basra – former Idrisid capital, but damaged in 979 AD, 30 ha
  47. • (9) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Fes_walls_history_1_-_early_11th_century_%28pre-Almoravid%29.png – Fez - Dual cities before unifying later, Al-Aliya - 50 ha and Madinat Fas - 45 ha
  48. • (10) https://i.pinimg.com/564x/b8/f1/54/b8f154c41ac6af2dc9b28ccf85800562.jpg – Tangier – medina 20 ha
  49. • (11) https://guia-arqueologica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Valencia-con-muralla.jpg – Valencia – walled area 42 ha
  50. • (12) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/La-ciudad-musulmana-de-Barbasthur-Restos-arqueologicos-y-tipologias-arquitectonicas_fig1_265250674 – Barbastro – surface area with suburbs about 25 ha
  51. • (13) https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7LSC9S_fY_xpcdIEQyz7m708USqqi9VjSDMCO0ynB2dFt2ejuZonILjCwEnLqAXJqSWr0B9U1DPM0qcr7QwW8nPiKcgGC29btJNSSTV0UeJ8N8JcIDy2lXQuEM97TuCaruD7hI_6w1g/s1600/car1.jpg – Carmona – urban area about 38 ha
  52. • (14) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Mapa_Saraqusta.svg – Zaragoza – surface area about 90 ha with suburbs
  53. • (15) https://www.enciclopedia.cat/sites/default/files/media/CATROM/CR2611301.jpg – Tortosa – about 20 ha
  54. • (16) https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/63351/ssoar-cinqcon-2016-13-hamma_et_al-Delimitation_du_patrimoine_urbain_de.pdf;jsessionid=053EE8BCF42E6F880724225EC49A9E5B?sequence=1 – Agadir – about 35 ha
  55. • (17) https://mapas-mundo.com/spain/city/tarragona/tarragona-old-town-map.jpg – Tarragona – old town 20 ha
  56. • (18) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adelino-Goncalves/publication/236941927/figure/fig2/AS:393104231288837@1470734760447/Figura-02-Reconstituicao-do-circuito-defensivo-muralha-e-castelo-de-Coimbra.png – Coimbra – walled area 20 ha
  57. • (19) https://descubriendomurcia.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Muralla-Islamica-Murcia-1024x559.jpg – Murcia – walled area 40 ha, Arrabal not yet built in 1000 AD
  58. • (20) https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstream/10451/30010/1/Lisboa_nas_narrativas_estrangeiras_do_s%C3%A9culo_XII_Carlos_Guardado_da_Silva.pdf – Lisbon – 16 ha for walled area, but it’s not exactly clear when or where exactly suburbs developed, though a safe estimate of 30 ha should probably be considered here
  59. • (21) https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcazaba_de_Badajoz – Badajoz – 50 ha
  60. • (22) https://www.ataral.es/subida/server/files/365_01.jpg – Écija – 40 ha
  61. • (23) FILL
  62. • (24) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Planta_de_M%C3%A1laga_%C3%A1rabe.jpeg/1248px-Planta_de_M%C3%A1laga_%C3%A1rabe.jpeg – Málaga – 40 ha
  63. • (25) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bruno-Franco-2/publication/341932566/figure/fig5/AS:899032473956355@1591357453687/Plano-con-la-evolucion-urbana-de-la-Marida-andalusi-Autor-Miguel-Alba.png – Mérida – 75 ha
  64. • (26) https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595101?read-now=1&seq=21#page_scan_tab_contents
  65. • (27) https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitn5tIYmom5zoct12qsWNEvFnzBucSUjvrp7Bzmx2lpBVxwnEyYVz8tBELjXi5_SUgBztqFNSg-zFv3KnNolkOZtXxhTNgfGPb0CL3xPWFlNSmIUsD7xTSNKDeFqMkTgdIJQfSWxDmGgkw/s1600/Plano_Salamanca_edad_media.jpg – Salamanca – about 20 ha
  66. • (28) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329101153_La_Sevilla_abbadi – Sevilla – around 60 ha
  67. • (29) https://www.historiadejaen.es/itinerario-guadalquivir-y-la-meseta-jaen/baeza – Baeza – about 27 ha
  68. • (30) https://www.tudela.es/docs/urbanismo/emot/2019/memoria-emot-tudela-ene-2019.pdf – Tudela – 23 ha
  69. • (31) https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD7VUg2VcAoNY53U3yBXh7jDx78yftakQtWJAvWmAR9AKsPc5e4c_UXt__JIPZfSrMMqgC6PTmeKz8oRbTDYYtsCoyH93yN9F92HrPQLLkVxj13SsU0XAmhKC2i-Jk0txuCNdXlNu-_JZX/s1600/Andalusina.png – Lérida – 28 ha
  70. • (32) https://www.romanicoaragones.com/3-Somontano/Hu-Muralla%20G17-aerea.jpg – Huesca – 24 ha
  71. • (33) https://www.romanicodigital.com/sites/default/files/pdfs/files/3-%20Las%20murallas%20de%20%C3%81vila.pdf – Ávila – based off Roman layout 23 ha
  72. • (34) https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2065073.pdf – Andújar – about 20 ha
  73. • (35) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313631030_Almeria_de_la_Antiguedad_a_la_Edad_Media_La_evolucion_urbana_traves_de_la_documentacion_arqueologica – Almería – urban area only 25 ha during Caliphal period
  74. • (36) https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fupcommons.upc.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2099%2F5067%2FArticle02.pdf&psig=AOvVaw3ZJhW1xS4in5JgvlJkzpBz&ust=1756053318658000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBgQjhxqFwoTCLjd68SuoY8DFQAAAAAdAAAAABAe – Palma de Mallorca – third walling area 30 ha
  75.  
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