This quiz will cover the nuts and bolts of how the structure of our brains ("cognitive architecture) created our behaviours, with an emphasis on human vision, and how understanding the brain can be useful in designing and evaluating visual interfaces.

Emphasis on human vision
	- Colours
	- Limited attention
	- Overwhelming motion
	- Change blindness

The back of your brain is like an inner cat, in that we know so little about how it works, it might as well be a cat acting instead of ourselves.

The eye is like a camera

W.2
Unflattening: looking at things through different lenses, not having to reconcile them or like find a middle ground, rather just look at how others would approach the same problem you're having.
	- This allows us to have more depth and a better understanding of the problem and how the solution will impact different people

Need to memorize the graph with people's names on it.
Design as Craft leads to both Reflective Practice - Schön and Science of Design - Simon
Reflective practice
	- Incorporate new sources of knowledge into design

Science of Design
	- Create design knowledge through a "science of the artificial"

Both address the need to improve how we design.

Simon then leads to Arthur's "Build 'design language' of phenomena and how they can be used
Which leads back to Schön creating the beginning of a circle

Arthur says that as we find new "Phenomena" such as aluminum or composites or GPS, technology makes dramatic leaps ahead rather than the incremental steps that it normally takes.

Multiwave was born from the frustration between Second and Third waves being stuck in the rut of making things that look good without working well.

First wave - Usability
Second Wave - Psychology
Third wave - Design
Multiwave incorporates part of each wave

Blooms taxonomy

Norman is added into the graph.
Norman's cognitive engineering for HCI is a common addition.

Dan Russell's most important things
	- Metacognitive skills to self learn
	- Skills of autodidacticism
	- Ability so search for new things and things that will help you solve your problem.

W.3
HIP vs EEE
Human Information Processing
3E
	- Ecological
	- Enactive
	- Embodied

Change blindness
	- When things change in the scene that aren't in the scan path of our eyes or aren't the object in frame.

Stroop effect
	- When the two effects coming into our mind are contradicting.
	- E.G the name of a colour written in a different colour messes with our brain.

"Facts about Human Perception & Cognition
	- We perceive what we expect
	- Our vision is optimized to see structure
	- We seek and use visual structure
	- Reading is unnatural
	- Our color vision is limited
	- Our peripheral vision is poor"

These are facts ripped off of the slides for week 3.

Facts about Human Perception and Cognition
	- Our attention is limited (See change blindness)
	- Our memory is imperfect (See change blindness)
	- Limits on attention shape our thoughts and actions
	- Recognition is easy, recall is hard. Like why we all struggle when we get to the exam versus whenever we're studying.
	- Learning from experience & performing learned actions are easy.
	- Solving problems and doing calculations aren't.
	- We have "Real-time" requirements.
	- Max number of things that we can focus on at once.

The Broker (Spence)
	- Looks at different behaviours and then goes through the psychology around them and then allows for a design approach to be created based off those things

Gestalt Theory
	- Law of Similarity
		○ Similar elements tend to be grouped together.
	- Law of Continuity
		○ Human eyes are more likely to construct visual entities out of visual elements that are smooth and continuous.
	- Law of Symmetry
		○ Rubin's Vase. Seeing two faces bounced off each other rather than just the vase.
	- Law of Closure
		○ Perceptual tendency to create a shape if there are a bunch with the right missing parts.
		○ For example, three circles in a triangle, each of them missing just enough to make a triangle.
	- Law of Common Fate.
		○ Similar items do similar things.
	- Part-whole relationships
		○ The position of every object within the frame tends to be judged relative to the enclosing frame.
		○ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
	- Connectedness.
		○ Contrast by distance in photography terms.
	- Relative size
		○ Smaller components of a pattern tend to be perceived as objects.

HIP vs Gestalt
	- HIP starts with the human brain and what it is capable of
	- Gestalt starts with the environment and how it is structured.

Gestalt's principles have something called "Ecological Validity"

W.4
Unflattening HCI with collaborative design
	- Best design teams are diverse with people being chosen and grouped together for the multiple perspectives they bring.
	- Applications are critiqued from the different perspectives and outcomes can be better tested.