@JsonTypeInfo(
  use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME,
  include = JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY,
  property = "type") // имя поля, в которое будет записан тип
@JsonSubTypes({
  @Type(value = Car.class, name = "car"),  // синонимы для типов
  @Type(value = Truck.class, name = "truck")
})
public abstract class Vehicle {
    // fields, constructors, getters and setters
}

{
    "vehicles":
    [
        {
            "type": "car",
            "make": "Mercedes-Benz",
            "model": "S500",
            "seatingCapacity": 5,
            "topSpeed": 250.0
        },

        {
            "type": "truck",
            "make": "Isuzu",
            "model": "NQR",
            "payloadCapacity": 7500.0
        }
    ]
}