#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>


// Forward Declarations
char * encodeCaesar(char * src, char * dest);
char * decodeCaesar(char * src, char * dest);
char * encodeSubstitution(char * lcEncodingKey, char * src, char * dest);
char * decodeSubstitution(char * lcEncodingKey, char * src, char * dest);
int testEncodeDecode(char * p1, char * p2);


int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
    // Test strings to be encoded
    char        src1[50] = "abcdwxyz";
    char        src2[50] = "My secret password is: l3t ME PL@y!";
    char        src3[50] = "Ciphers are fun!";

    // lowercase encoding key for substitution cipher
    char        lcEncodingKey[] = "qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm";

    // buffers to hold encoded and decoded strings
    char        encoded[50];
    char        decoded[50];


    // *****************************************
    // DO NOT CHANGE ANYTHING IN THIS FUNCTION!
    // *****************************************

    printf("Begin test with src1...\n");

    // Encode the string in src1 using Caesar encoding, and print the result
    printf("Caesar encoding '%s' yields '%s'\n",
            src1, encodeCaesar(src1, encoded));

    // Decode the encoded string and print the result.
    printf("Caesar decoding '%s' yields '%s'\n",
            encoded, decodeCaesar(encoded, decoded));

    // Confirm that the decoded string matches the original
    if (testEncodeDecode(decoded, src1) != 0)
    {
        printf("Error: Caesar encode/decode src1 does not work properly!\n");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("Successfully encoded/decoded src1 using Caesar cipher.\n\n");

    printf("Begin test with src2...\n");

    // Encode the string in src2 using Caesar encoding, and print the result
    printf("Caesar encoding '%s' yields '%s'\n",
            src2, encodeCaesar(src2, encoded));

    // Decode the encoded string and print the result.
    printf("Caesar decoding '%s' yields '%s'\n",
            encoded, decodeCaesar(encoded, decoded));

    // Confirm that the decoded string matches the original
    if (testEncodeDecode(decoded, src2) != 0)
    {
        printf("Error: Caesar encode/decode src2 does not work properly!\n");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("Successfully encoded/decoded src2 using Caesar cipher.\n\n");

    printf("Begin test with src3...\n");

    // Encode the string in src3 using the substitution cipher, and print the result
    printf("Substitution encoding '%s' yields '%s'\n",
           src3, encodeSubstitution(lcEncodingKey, src3, encoded));

    // Decode the encoded string and print the result
    printf("Substitution decoding '%s' yields '%s'\n",
           encoded, decodeSubstitution(lcEncodingKey, encoded, decoded));

    // Confirm that the decoded string matches the original
    if (testEncodeDecode(decoded, src3) != 0)
    {
        printf("Error: Substitution encode/decode src3 does not work properly!\n");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("Successfully encoded/decoded src2 using Substitution cipher.\n\n");

    return 0;
}



/**
 * Encode a string using Caesar encoding.
 *
 * @param src
 *   Address of the string to be encoded
 *
 * @param dest
 *   Address of a memory buffer at least as long as the src string, into
 *   which the Caesar-encoded (encrypted) string will be placed.
 *
 * @return
 *   The address of the first character of the Caesar-encoded (encrypted) string
 */
char * encodeCaesar(char * src, char * dest)
{
    int         offset;
    char *      destStart = dest;

    // lowercase encoding key
    char        lcEncodingKey[] = "defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabc";

    // For each character in the source string...
    for (; *src; ++src, ++dest)
    {
        // Determine the offset of this character from the beginning of
        // the alphabet, by subtracting the ASCII value of 'a' from this
        // character. For example, if *src is 'a', then (*src - 'a') will
        // yield 0 because the ASCII values of *src (which is 'a') and 'a'
        // are both 97. If *src is 'd', then (*src - 'a') will yield 3,
        // because the ASCII value of 'd' is 100 and the ascii value of 'a'
        // is 97, and (100 - 97) is 3.
        offset = *src - 'a';

        // Obtain the lowercase replacement character and assign
        // it to the current position in the destination.
        *dest = lcEncodingKey[offset];
    }

    // Null-terminate the destination buffer
    *dest = '\0';

    // Return the beginning of the destination buffer
    return destStart;
}

/**
 * Decode a string that was encoded using Caesar encoding.
 *
 * @param src
 *   Address of the string to be decoded
 *
 * @param dest
 *   Address of a memory buffer at least as long as the src string, into
 *   which the decoded (decrypted) string will be placed.
 *
 * @return
 *   The address of the first character of the decoded (decrypted) string
 */
char * decodeCaesar(char * src, char * dest)
{
    int         offset;
    char        lcDecodingKey[] = "xyzabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw";
    char *      destStart = dest;

    // For each character in the source string...
    for (; *src; ++src, ++dest)
    {
        // Determine the offset of this character from the beginning of
        // the alphabet, by subtracting the ASCII value of 'a' from this
        // character. For example, if *src is 'a', then (*src - 'a') will
        // yield 0 because the ASCII values of *src (which is 'a') and 'a'
        // are both 97. If *src is 'd', then (*src - 'a') will yield 3,
        // because the ASCII value of 'd' is 100 and the ascii value of 'a'
        // is 97, and (100 - 97) is 3.
        offset = *src - 'a';

        // Obtain the lowercase replacement character and assign
        // it to the current position in the destination.
        *dest = lcDecodingKey[offset];
    }

    // Null-terminate the destination buffer
    *dest = '\0';

    // Return the beginning of the destination buffer
    return destStart;
}

/**
 * Encode a string using substitution cipher encoding
 *
 * @param lcEncodingKey
 *   Address of the string containing the lowercase encoding key
 *
 * @param src
 *   Address of the string to be encoded
 *
 * @param dest
 *   Address of a memory buffer at least as long as the src string, into
 *   which the substitution-cipher-encoded (encrypted) string will be placed.
 *
 * @return
 *   The address of the first character of the encoded (encrypted) string
 */
char * encodeSubstitution(char * lcEncodingKey, char * src, char * dest)
{
    char        ucEncodingKey[26];

    // You were given the lowercase encoding key. From it, create the
    // uppercase encoding key
    // (WRITE CODE HERE)


    // Implementation of the generalized substitution encoder.
    // (WRITE CODE HERE)
}

/**
 * Decode a string using substitution cipher decoding
 *
 * @param lcEncodingKey
 *   Address of the string containing the lowercase encoding key.
 *
 * @param src
 *   Address of the string to be decoded
 *
 * @param dest
 *   Address of a memory buffer at least as long as the src string, into
 *   which the substitution-cipher-decoded (decrypted) string will be placed.
 *
 * @return
 *   The address of the first character of the decoded (decrypted) string
 */
char * decodeSubstitution(char * lcEncodingKey, char * src, char * dest)
{
    char        lcDecodingKey[26];
    char        ucDecodingKey[26];

    // Create the lower case decoding key from the lower case encoding key
    // (WRITE CODE HERE)


    // Create the uppercase decoding
    // (WRITE CODE HERE)


    // Implementation of the generalized substitution decoder.
    // (WRITE CODE HERE)
}

/**
 * Determine if the encoded/decoded string is the same as the original string.
 */
int testEncodeDecode(char * p1, char * p2)
{
    // *****************************************
    // DO NOT CHANGE ANYTHING IN THIS FUNCTION!
    // *****************************************

    while (*p1 != '\0' && *p2 != '\0' && *p1 == *p2)
    {
        ++p1, ++p2;
    }

    return *p1 != *p2;
}