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  1. QEMU emulator version 2.6.0, Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
  2. usage: qemu-system-aarch64 [options] [disk_image]
  3.  
  4. 'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0
  5.  
  6. Standard options:
  7. -h or -help display this help and exit
  8. -version display version information and exit
  9. -machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
  10. selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
  11. property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
  12. supported accelerators are kvm, xen, tcg (default: tcg)
  13. kernel_irqchip=on|off controls accelerated irqchip support
  14. kernel_irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=off)
  15. vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
  16. kvm_shadow_mem=size of KVM shadow MMU
  17. dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
  18. mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
  19. iommu=on|off controls emulated Intel IOMMU (VT-d) support (default=off)
  20. igd-passthru=on|off controls IGD GFX passthrough support (default=off)
  21. aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
  22. dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
  23. suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
  24. nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
  25. enforce-config-section=on|off enforce configuration section migration (default=off)
  26. -cpu cpu select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
  27. -smp [cpus=]n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]
  28. set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
  29. maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including
  30. offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
  31. cores= number of CPU cores on one socket
  32. threads= number of threads on one CPU core
  33. sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system
  34. -numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]
  35. -numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]
  36. -add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
  37. Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
  38. -set group.id.arg=value
  39. set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
  40. i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
  41. -global driver.property=value
  42. -global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
  43. set a global default for a driver property
  44. -boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
  45. [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
  46. 'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
  47. 'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
  48. 'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
  49. 'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
  50. -m[emory] [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
  51. configure guest RAM
  52. size: initial amount of guest memory
  53. slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
  54. maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
  55. NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
  56. -etrace FILE dump execution trace to FILE
  57. -etrace-flags FLAGS Execution trace flags
  58. exec,translation,mem,cpu
  59. -mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM
  60. -mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
  61. -sync-quantum Max time between synchroniation, nanoseconds.
  62. -machine-path DIR A directory in which to create machine nodes
  63. -k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
  64. -audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options
  65. -soundhw c1,... enable audio support
  66. and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)
  67. use '-soundhw help' to get the list of supported cards
  68. use '-soundhw all' to enable all of them
  69. -balloon none disable balloon device
  70. -balloon virtio[,addr=str]
  71. enable virtio balloon device (default)
  72. -device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
  73. add device (based on driver)
  74. prop=value,... sets driver properties
  75. use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
  76. use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
  77. -name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
  78. set the name of the guest
  79. string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux)
  80. When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name (on Linux)
  81. NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
  82. -uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
  83. specify machine UUID
  84.  
  85. Block device options:
  86. -fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
  87. -hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
  88. -hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
  89. -cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
  90. -drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
  91. [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]
  92. [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
  93. [,serial=s][,addr=A][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
  94. [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name][,aio=threads|native]
  95. [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
  96. [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
  97. [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
  98. [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
  99. [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
  100. [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
  101. [[,iops_size=is]]
  102. [[,group=g]]
  103. use 'file' as a drive image
  104. -mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
  105. -sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
  106. -pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image
  107. -snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files
  108. -hdachs c,h,s[,t]
  109. force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS
  110. translation (t=none or lba) (usually QEMU can guess them)
  111. -fsdev fsdriver,id=id[,path=path,][security_model={mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none}]
  112. [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd]
  113. -virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=[mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none]
  114. [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd]
  115. -virtfs_synth Create synthetic file system image
  116.  
  117. USB options:
  118. -usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
  119. -usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'
  120.  
  121. Display options:
  122. -display sdl[,frame=on|off][,alt_grab=on|off][,ctrl_grab=on|off]
  123. [,window_close=on|off]|curses|none|
  124. gtk[,grab_on_hover=on|off]|
  125. vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
  126. select display type
  127. -nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
  128. -curses use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL
  129. -no-frame open SDL window without a frame and window decorations
  130. -alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
  131. -ctrl-grab use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
  132. -no-quit disable SDL window close capability
  133. -sdl enable SDL
  134. -spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
  135. [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
  136. [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
  137. [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr][,ipv4|ipv6|unix]
  138. [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
  139. [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
  140. [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
  141. [,sasl][,password=<secret>][,disable-ticketing]
  142. [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
  143. [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
  144. [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
  145. [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste]
  146. [,disable-agent-file-xfer][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
  147. [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
  148. [,gl=[on|off]]
  149. enable spice
  150. at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
  151. -portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
  152. -rotate <deg> rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
  153. -vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
  154. select video card type
  155. -full-screen start in full screen
  156. -vnc display start a VNC server on display
  157. -no-acpi disable ACPI
  158. -smbios file=binary
  159. load SMBIOS entry from binary file
  160. -smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]
  161. [,uefi=on|off]
  162. specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
  163. -smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
  164. [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]
  165. specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
  166. -smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
  167. [,asset=str][,location=str]
  168. specify SMBIOS type 2 fields
  169. -smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]
  170. [,sku=str]
  171. specify SMBIOS type 3 fields
  172. -smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
  173. [,asset=str][,part=str]
  174. specify SMBIOS type 4 fields
  175. -smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]
  176. [,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]
  177. specify SMBIOS type 17 fields
  178.  
  179. Network options:
  180. -netdev user,id=str[,ipv4[=on|off]][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
  181. [,ipv6[=on|off]][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
  182. [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
  183. [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,tftp=dir]
  184. [,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
  185. configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
  186. its DHCP server and optional services
  187. -netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
  188. [,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
  189. [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
  190. configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
  191. use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
  192. to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
  193. to deconfigure it
  194. use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
  195. use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper) to
  196. configure it
  197. use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
  198. use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
  199. use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
  200. default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
  201. use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
  202. use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
  203. use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
  204. (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
  205. use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
  206. use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
  207. use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
  208. use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
  209. -netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
  210. configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
  211. connected to a bridge (default=br0)
  212. using the program 'helper (default=/usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper)
  213. -netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
  214. [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on/off][,udp=on/off]
  215. [,cookie64=on/off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
  216. [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
  217. configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
  218. an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
  219. Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
  220. L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
  221. VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
  222. standard (RFC3391). Note - this implementation uses static
  223. pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
  224. use 'src=' to specify source address
  225. use 'dst=' to specify destination address
  226. use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
  227. use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
  228. use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
  229. use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
  230. L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
  231. well as a weak security measure
  232. use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
  233. use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
  234. use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
  235. use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
  236. use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
  237. use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
  238. -netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
  239. configure a network backend to connect to another network
  240. using a socket connection
  241. -netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
  242. configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
  243. use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
  244. -netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
  245. configure a network backend to connect to another network
  246. using an UDP tunnel
  247. -netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
  248. configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
  249. -netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n
  250. configure a hub port on QEMU VLAN 'n'
  251. -net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
  252. old way to create a new NIC and connect it to VLAN 'n'
  253. (use the '-device devtype,netdev=str' option if possible instead)
  254. -net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n]
  255. dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet)
  256. -net none use it alone to have zero network devices. If no -net option
  257. is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'
  258. -net [user|tap|bridge|socket][,vlan=n][,option][,option][,...]
  259. old way to initialize a host network interface
  260. (use the -netdev option if possible instead)
  261.  
  262. Character device options:
  263. -chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
  264. -chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay][,reconnect=seconds]
  265. [,server][,nowait][,telnet][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
  266. [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID] (tcp)
  267. -chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet][,reconnect=seconds]
  268. [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off] (unix)
  269. -chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
  270. [,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6][,mux=on|off]
  271. [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
  272. -chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
  273. -chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
  274. [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
  275. -chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
  276. -chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
  277. -chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
  278. -chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
  279. -chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
  280. -chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
  281. -chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
  282. -chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
  283. -chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
  284.  
  285. Device URL Syntax:
  286. -iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
  287. [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
  288. [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
  289. [,timeout=timeout]
  290. iSCSI session parameters
  291. Bluetooth(R) options:
  292. -bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands
  293. -bt hci,host[:id]
  294. use host's HCI with the given name
  295. -bt hci[,vlan=n]
  296. emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'
  297. -bt vhci[,vlan=n]
  298. add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI
  299. -bt device:dev[,vlan=n]
  300. emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'
  301.  
  302. TPM device options:
  303. -tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
  304. use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
  305. use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
  306. not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
  307.  
  308. Linux/Multiboot boot specific:
  309. -kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
  310. -append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
  311. -initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk
  312. -hw-dtb file use 'file' as device tree image
  313. -dtb file use 'file' as device tree image
  314.  
  315. Debug/Expert options:
  316. -fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
  317. add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
  318. -fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
  319. add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
  320. -serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
  321. -parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
  322. -monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
  323. -qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
  324. -qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
  325. -mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,default]
  326. -debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
  327. -pidfile file write PID to 'file'
  328. -singlestep always run in singlestep mode
  329. -S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
  330. -realtime [mlock=on|off]
  331. run qemu with realtime features
  332. mlock=on|off controls mlock support (default: on)
  333. -gdb dev wait for gdb connection on 'dev'
  334. -s shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
  335. -d item1,... enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
  336. -D logfile output log to logfile (default stderr)
  337. -dfilter range,.. filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
  338. -L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
  339. -bios file set the filename for the BIOS
  340. -enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support
  341. -xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id
  342. -xen-create create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend
  343. warning: should not be used when xend is in use
  344. -xen-attach attach to existing xen domain
  345. xend will use this when starting QEMU
  346. -no-reboot exit instead of rebooting
  347. -no-shutdown stop before shutdown
  348. -loadvm [tag|id]
  349. start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
  350. -daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing
  351. -option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
  352. -rtc [base=utc|localtime|date][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
  353. set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
  354. -icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>]
  355. enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
  356. instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
  357. or disable real time cpu sleeping
  358. -watchdog model
  359. enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none]
  360. -watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none
  361. action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
  362. -echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
  363. -virtioconsole c
  364. set virtio console
  365. -show-cursor show cursor
  366. -tb-size n set TB size
  367. -no-tb-chain Disable TB chaining
  368. -incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4][,ipv6]
  369. -incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4][,ipv6]
  370. -incoming unix:socketpath
  371. prepare for incoming migration, listen on
  372. specified protocol and socket address
  373. -incoming fd:fd
  374. -incoming exec:cmdline
  375. accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
  376. or from given external command
  377. -incoming defer
  378. wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
  379. -nodefaults don't create default devices
  380. -chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM
  381. -runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM
  382. -semihosting semihosting mode
  383. -semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,arg=str[,...]]
  384. semihosting configuration
  385. -old-param old param mode
  386. -sandbox <arg> Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
  387. -readconfig <file>
  388. -writeconfig <file>
  389. read/write config file
  390. -nodefconfig
  391. do not load default config files at startup
  392. -no-user-config
  393. do not load user-provided config files at startup
  394. -trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
  395. specify tracing options
  396. -enable-fips enable FIPS 140-2 compliance
  397. -msg timestamp[=on|off]
  398. change the format of messages
  399. on|off controls leading timestamps (default:on)
  400. -dump-vmstate <file>
  401. Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
  402. Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
  403. check for possible regressions in migration code
  404. by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
  405. Generic object creation
  406. -object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
  407. create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
  408. in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id'
  409. property must be set. These objects are placed in the
  410. '/objects' path.
  411.  
  412. During emulation, the following keys are useful:
  413. ctrl-alt-f toggle full screen
  414. ctrl-alt-n switch to virtual console 'n'
  415. ctrl-alt toggle mouse and keyboard grab
  416.  
  417. When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.
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