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  1. # VIRTUAL(5)                                                          VIRTUAL(5)
  2. #
  3. # NAME
  4. #        virtual - Postfix virtual alias table format
  5. #
  6. # SYNOPSIS
  7. #        postmap /etc/postfix/virtual
  8. #
  9. #        postmap -q "string" /etc/postfix/virtual
  10. #
  11. #        postmap -q - /etc/postfix/virtual <inputfile
  12. #
  13. # DESCRIPTION
  14. #        The  optional  virtual(5)  alias  table rewrites recipient
  15. #        addresses for all local, all virtual, and all remote  mail
  16. #        destinations.   This  is unlike the aliases(5) table which
  17. #        is used only for local(8) delivery.  Virtual  aliasing  is
  18. #        recursive,  and  is  implemented by the Postfix cleanup(8)
  19. #        daemon before mail is queued.
  20. #
  21. #        The main applications of virtual aliasing are:
  22. #
  23. #        o      To redirect mail for one address  to  one  or  more
  24. #               addresses.
  25. #
  26. #        o      To   implement  virtual  alias  domains  where  all
  27. #               addresses  are  aliased  to  addresses   in   other
  28. #               domains.
  29. #
  30. #               Virtual  alias  domains are not to be confused with
  31. #               the virtual mailbox domains  that  are  implemented
  32. #               with  the  Postfix  virtual(8) mail delivery agent.
  33. #               With  virtual  mailbox  domains,   each   recipient
  34. #               address can have its own mailbox.
  35. #
  36. #        Virtual  aliasing  is  applied  only to recipient envelope
  37. #        addresses, and  does  not  affect  message  headers.   Use
  38. #        canonical(5)   mapping  to  rewrite  header  and  envelope
  39. #        addresses in general.
  40. #
  41. #        Normally, the virtual(5) alias table  is  specified  as  a
  42. #        text  file that serves as input to the postmap(1) command.
  43. #        The result, an indexed file in dbm or db format,  is  used
  44. #        for fast searching by the mail system. Execute the command
  45. #        "postmap /etc/postfix/virtual" to rebuild an indexed  file
  46. #        after changing the corresponding text file.
  47. #
  48. #        When  the  table  is provided via other means such as NIS,
  49. #        LDAP or SQL, the same lookups are  done  as  for  ordinary
  50. #        indexed files.
  51. #
  52. #        Alternatively,  the  table  can  be provided as a regular-
  53. #        expression map where patterns are given as regular expres-
  54. #        sions,  or lookups can be directed to TCP-based server. In
  55. #        those case, the lookups are done in a  slightly  different
  56. #        way  as  described below under "REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES"
  57. #        or "TCP-BASED TABLES".
  58. #
  59. # CASE FOLDING
  60. #        The search string is folded to lowercase  before  database
  61. #        lookup.  As  of Postfix 2.3, the search string is not case
  62. #        folded with database types such as regexp: or pcre:  whose
  63. #        lookup fields can match both upper and lower case.
  64. #
  65. # TABLE FORMAT
  66. #        The input format for the postmap(1) command is as follows:
  67. #
  68. #        pattern result
  69. #               When pattern matches a mail address, replace it  by
  70. #               the corresponding result.
  71. #
  72. #        blank lines and comments
  73. #               Empty  lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored,
  74. #               as are lines whose first  non-whitespace  character
  75. #               is a `#'.
  76. #
  77. #        multi-line text
  78. #               A  logical  line starts with non-whitespace text. A
  79. #               line that starts with whitespace continues a  logi-
  80. #               cal line.
  81. #
  82. # TABLE SEARCH ORDER
  83. #        With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from
  84. #        networked tables such as NIS, LDAP or  SQL,  patterns  are
  85. #        tried in the order as listed below:
  86. #
  87. #        user@domain address, address, ...
  88. #               Redirect  mail  for  user@domain  to address.  This
  89. #               form has the highest precedence.
  90. #
  91. #        user address, address, ...
  92. #               Redirect mail for user@site to address when site is
  93. #               equal  to $myorigin, when site is listed in $mydes-
  94. #               tination, or when it is listed in  $inet_interfaces
  95. #               or $proxy_interfaces.
  96. #
  97. #               This  functionality  overlaps with functionality of
  98. #               the local aliases(5) database.  The  difference  is
  99. #               that virtual(5) mapping can be applied to non-local
  100. #               addresses.
  101. #
  102. #        @domain address, address, ...
  103. #               Redirect mail for other users in domain to address.
  104. #               This form has the lowest precedence.
  105. #
  106. #               Note:  @domain  is a wild-card. With this form, the
  107. #               Postfix SMTP server accepts mail for any  recipient
  108. #               in  domain,  regardless  of  whether that recipient
  109. #               exists.  This may turn  your  mail  system  into  a
  110. #               backscatter  source: Postfix first accepts mail for
  111. #               non-existent recipients and then  tries  to  return
  112. #               that  mail  as  "undeliverable" to the often forged
  113. #               sender address.
  114. #
  115. # RESULT ADDRESS REWRITING
  116. #        The lookup result is subject to address rewriting:
  117. #
  118. #        o      When the result  has  the  form  @otherdomain,  the
  119. #               result  becomes the same user in otherdomain.  This
  120. #               works only for the first address in a multi-address
  121. #               lookup result.
  122. #
  123. #        o      When  "append_at_myorigin=yes", append "@$myorigin"
  124. #               to addresses without "@domain".
  125. #
  126. #        o      When "append_dot_mydomain=yes", append ".$mydomain"
  127. #               to addresses without ".domain".
  128. #
  129. # ADDRESS EXTENSION
  130. #        When a mail address localpart contains the optional recip-
  131. #        ient delimiter (e.g., user+foo@domain), the  lookup  order
  132. #        becomes: user+foo@domain, user@domain, user+foo, user, and
  133. #        @domain.
  134. #
  135. #        The  propagate_unmatched_extensions   parameter   controls
  136. #        whether  an  unmatched  address extension (+foo) is propa-
  137. #        gated to the result of table lookup.
  138. #
  139. # VIRTUAL ALIAS DOMAINS
  140. #        Besides virtual aliases, the virtual alias table can  also
  141. #        be used to implement virtual alias domains. With a virtual
  142. #        alias domain,  all  recipient  addresses  are  aliased  to
  143. #        addresses in other domains.
  144. #
  145. #        Virtual alias domains are not to be confused with the vir-
  146. #        tual mailbox domains that are implemented with the Postfix
  147. #        virtual(8)  mail  delivery  agent.  With  virtual  mailbox
  148. #        domains, each recipient address can have its own  mailbox.
  149. #
  150. #        With  a  virtual  alias domain, the virtual domain has its
  151. #        own user name space. Local  (i.e.  non-virtual)  usernames
  152. #        are  not visible in a virtual alias domain. In particular,
  153. #        local aliases(5) and local mailing lists are  not  visible
  154. #        as localname@virtual-alias.domain.
  155. #
  156. #        Support for a virtual alias domain looks like:
  157. #
  158. #        /etc/postfix/main.cf:
  159. #            virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
  160. #
  161. #        Note: some systems use dbm databases instead of hash.  See
  162. #        the output  from  "postconf  -m"  for  available  database
  163. #        types.
  164. #
  165. #        /etc/postfix/virtual:
  166. #            virtual-alias.domain     anything (right-hand content does not matter)
  167. #            postmaster@virtual-alias.domain  postmaster
  168. #            user1@virtual-alias.domain       address1
  169. #            user2@virtual-alias.domain       address2, address3
  170. #
  171. #        The  virtual-alias.domain anything entry is required for a
  172. #        virtual alias domain. Without this entry, mail is rejected
  173. #        with  "relay  access  denied", or bounces with "mail loops
  174. #        back to myself".
  175. #
  176. #        Do not specify virtual alias domain names in  the  main.cf
  177. #        mydestination or relay_domains configuration parameters.
  178. #
  179. #        With  a  virtual  alias  domain,  the  Postfix SMTP server
  180. #        accepts  mail  for  known-user@virtual-alias.domain,   and
  181. #        rejects   mail  for  unknown-user@virtual-alias.domain  as
  182. #        undeliverable.
  183. #
  184. #        Instead of specifying the virtual alias  domain  name  via
  185. #        the  virtual_alias_maps table, you may also specify it via
  186. #        the main.cf virtual_alias_domains configuration parameter.
  187. #        This  latter parameter uses the same syntax as the main.cf
  188. #        mydestination configuration parameter.
  189. #
  190. # REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES
  191. #        This section describes how the table lookups  change  when
  192. #        the table is given in the form of regular expressions. For
  193. #        a description of regular expression lookup  table  syntax,
  194. #        see regexp_table(5) or pcre_table(5).
  195. #
  196. #        Each  pattern  is  a regular expression that is applied to
  197. #        the entire address being looked up. Thus, user@domain mail
  198. #        addresses  are  not  broken up into their user and @domain
  199. #        constituent parts, nor is user+foo broken up into user and
  200. #        foo.
  201. #
  202. #        Patterns  are applied in the order as specified in the ta-
  203. #        ble, until a pattern is  found  that  matches  the  search
  204. #        string.
  205. #
  206. #        Results  are  the  same as with indexed file lookups, with
  207. #        the additional feature that parenthesized substrings  from
  208. #        the pattern can be interpolated as $1, $2 and so on.
  209. #
  210. # TCP-BASED TABLES
  211. #        This  section  describes how the table lookups change when
  212. #        lookups are directed to a TCP-based server. For a descrip-
  213. #        tion of the TCP client/server lookup protocol, see tcp_ta-
  214. #        ble(5).  This feature is not available up to and including
  215. #        Postfix version 2.4.
  216. #
  217. #        Each lookup operation uses the entire address once.  Thus,
  218. #        user@domain mail addresses are not broken  up  into  their
  219. #        user and @domain constituent parts, nor is user+foo broken
  220. #        up into user and foo.
  221. #
  222. #        Results are the same as with indexed file lookups.
  223. #
  224. # BUGS
  225. #        The table format does not understand quoting  conventions.
  226. #
  227. # CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
  228. #        The  following  main.cf parameters are especially relevant
  229. #        to this topic. See the Postfix  main.cf  file  for  syntax
  230. #        details  and  for default values. Use the "postfix reload"
  231. #        command after a configuration change.
  232. #
  233. #        virtual_alias_maps
  234. #               List of virtual aliasing tables.
  235. #
  236. #        virtual_alias_domains
  237. #               List of virtual alias domains. This uses  the  same
  238. #               syntax as the mydestination parameter.
  239. #
  240. #        propagate_unmatched_extensions
  241. #               A  list  of  address rewriting or forwarding mecha-
  242. #               nisms that propagate an address extension from  the
  243. #               original  address  to  the result.  Specify zero or
  244. #               more  of  canonical,   virtual,   alias,   forward,
  245. #               include, or generic.
  246. #
  247. #        Other parameters of interest:
  248. #
  249. #        inet_interfaces
  250. #               The  network  interface  addresses that this system
  251. #               receives mail on.  You need to stop and start Post-
  252. #               fix when this parameter changes.
  253. #
  254. #        mydestination
  255. #               List  of  domains  that  this mail system considers
  256. #               local.
  257. #
  258. #        myorigin
  259. #               The domain that is appended  to  any  address  that
  260. #               does not have a domain.
  261. #
  262. #        owner_request_special
  263. #               Give special treatment to owner-xxx and xxx-request
  264. #               addresses.
  265. #
  266. #        proxy_interfaces
  267. #               Other interfaces that this machine receives mail on
  268. #               by way of a proxy agent or network address transla-
  269. #               tor.
  270. #
  271. # SEE ALSO
  272. #        cleanup(8), canonicalize and enqueue mail
  273. #        postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager
  274. #        postconf(5), configuration parameters
  275. #        canonical(5), canonical address mapping
  276. #
  277. # README FILES
  278. #        Use "postconf readme_directory" or  "postconf  html_direc-
  279. #        tory" to locate this information.
  280. #        ADDRESS_REWRITING_README, address rewriting guide
  281. #        DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
  282. #        VIRTUAL_README, domain hosting guide
  283. #
  284. # LICENSE
  285. #        The  Secure  Mailer  license must be distributed with this
  286. #        software.
  287. #
  288. # AUTHOR(S)
  289. #        Wietse Venema
  290. #        IBM T.J. Watson Research
  291. #        P.O. Box 704
  292. #        Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
  293. #
  294. domain1@domain1.com     domain1
  295. domain1.com     domain1.com
  296. webmaster@domain1.com   domain1@domain1.com
  297. abuse@domain1.com       domain1@domain1.com
  298. hostmaster@domain1.com  domain1@domain1.com
  299. postmaster@domain1.com  domain1@domain1.com
  300. domain2@domain2.nl      domain2
  301. domain2.nl      domain2.nl
  302. hostmaster@domain2.nl   hostmaster-domain2.nl
  303. abuse@domain2.nl        abuse-domain2.nl
  304. postmaster@domain2.nl   postmaster-domain2.nl
  305. domain2.spacecabbie.org domain2.spacecabbie.org
  306. @domain2.spacecabbie.org        @domain2.nl
  307. darthvader@domain2.nl   darthvader.domain2
  308. vwar.domain2.nl vwar.domain2.nl
  309. webmaster@vwar.domain2.nl       dubbeld.j@home.nl
  310. postmaster@vwar.domain2.nl      dubbeld.j@home.nl
  311. abuse@vwar.domain2.nl   dubbeld.j@home.nl
  312. hostmaster@vwar.domain2.nl      dubbeld.j@home.nl
  313. mail.domain2.nl mail.domain2.nl
  314. postmaster@mail.domain2.nl      dubbeld.j@home.nl
  315. webmaster@mail.domain2.nl       dubbeld.j@home.nl
  316. abuse@mail.domain2.nl   dubbeld.j@home.nl
  317. hostmaster@mail.domain2.nl      dubbeld.j@home.nl
  318. info@domain2.nl info-domain2.nl
  319. webmaster@domain2.nl    webmaster.domain2
  320. clanjfd.com     clanjfd.com
  321. info@clanjfd.com        info-domain2.nl
  322. webmaster@clanjfd.com   webmaster.domain2
  323. domain2@clanjfd.com     domain2
  324. abuse@clanjfd.com       abuse-domain2.nl
  325. hostmaster@clanjfd.com  hostmaster-domain2.nl
  326. darthvader@clanjfd.com  darthvader.domain2
  327. postmaster@clanjfd.com  postmaster-domain2.nl
  328. clanjfd.nl      clanjfd.nl
  329. info@clanjfd.nl info-domain2.nl
  330. webmaster@clanjfd.nl    webmaster.domain2
  331. domain2@clanjfd.nl      domain2
  332. abuse@clanjfd.nl        abuse-domain2.nl
  333. hostmaster@clanjfd.nl   hostmaster-domain2.nl
  334. darthvader@clanjfd.nl   darthvader.domain2
  335. postmaster@clanjfd.nl   postmaster-domain2.nl
  336. domain2.eu      domain2.eu
  337. info@domain2.eu info-domain2.nl
  338. webmaster@domain2.eu    webmaster.domain2
  339. domain2@domain2.eu      domain2
  340. abuse@domain2.eu        abuse-domain2.nl
  341. hostmaster@domain2.eu   hostmaster-domain2.nl
  342. darthvader@domain2.eu   darthvader.domain2
  343. postmaster@domain2.eu   postmaster-domain2.nl
  344. domain2.org     domain2.org
  345. info@domain2.org        info-domain2.nl
  346. webmaster@domain2.org   webmaster.domain2
  347. domain2@domain2.org     domain2
  348. abuse@domain2.org       abuse-domain2.nl
  349. hostmaster@domain2.org  hostmaster-domain2.nl
  350. darthvader@domain2.org  darthvader.domain2
  351. postmaster@domain2.org  postmaster-domain2.nl
  352. domain2.net     domain2.net
  353. info@domain2.net        info-domain2.nl
  354. webmaster@domain2.net   webmaster.domain2
  355. domain2@domain2.net     domain2
  356. abuse@domain2.net       abuse-domain2.nl
  357. hostmaster@domain2.net  hostmaster-domain2.nl
  358. darthvader@domain2.net  darthvader.domain2
  359. postmaster@domain2.net  postmaster-domain2.nl
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