Section 1:,
These groups hoped to drive Austria-Hungary from the Balkans and establish a 'Greater Serbia', a unified state for all Slavic people. It was this pan-Slavic nationalism that inspired the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in June 1914, an event thatled directly to the outbreak of World War I.

By 1914, then, the three nations of the Triple Alliance - Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy -

The man chiefly responsible for the Triple Alliance was Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor of Germany. Austria still under the control of the Ottoman Empire.

stood against the three nations of the Triple Entente - France, Russia, and Great Britain. The spark that would set off a fire of war was about to ignite.

Czar Nicholas II of Russia,Premier Georges Clemenceau of France, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain.

The tense, nationalistic feelings of the people in the Balkan region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Serbia, Bosnia, etc.) gave the region the nickname of the "Powder Keg of Europe." The spark that set the war off was the assassination of the heir to the Austrian Empire (Archduke Franz Ferdinand) by a Serbian national.

The direct cause of WWI was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo on 28 June 1914.
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Section 2:
On July 28, 1914, one month to the day after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife were killed by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, effectively beginning the First World War.

France joins after.

The Creation of: The Schlieffen Plan was the German army's plan for war against France and Russia . It was created by the German Chief of Staff Alfred vonSchlieffen in 1903 the request of Kaiser Wilhelm II. It was revised in 1905.

The first battle of the Marne was considered so significant because Germans left the Schieffen plan in ruins and a quick victory in the west no longer seemed possible. ... The factor that prompted the United States to enter the war because of Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.

The trench system on the Western Front in World War I—fixed from the winter of 1914 to the spring of 1918—eventually stretched from the North Sea coast ofBelgium southward through France, with a bulge outwards to contain the much-contested Ypres salient.

The Eastern Front, where troops from Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Russia, and the Balkans fought, was larger than the Western Front.

soldiers fought each other from trenches and armies traded huge losses of human life for pitifully small land gains. life in the trenches was miserable: lived in mud, rats, no fresh food, and lacked sleep.

Tsentralni sili), consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, theOttoman Empire and Bulgaria – hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance (German: Vierbund) – was one of the two main factions during World War I (1914–18). It faced and was defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente.

The Allies included Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States. These countries fought against the Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. Archduke Ferdinand, of Austria-Hungary, was assassinated by a Serb on June 28, 1914.




_______________________________________________________________________________________
Section 3:
The United States entered the war because of the Germans' decision to resume the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, and the so-called "Zimmerman telegram," intercepted by the British, in which Germany floated the idea of an alliance with Mexico.

It was a total war because it was killing civilians.

From the beginning of World War One, both sides of the conflict used propaganda to shape international opinion. Curator Ian Cooke considers the newspapers, books and cartoons produced in an attempt to influence both neutral and enemy countries.

Women's work in WW1. During WWI (1914-1918), large numbers of women were recruited into jobs vacated by men who had gone to fight in the war. New jobs were also created as part of the war effort, for example in munitions factories.

National economies: Governments inquired military conscription, set up a forced civilian labor system.

Asia, Africa, Middle East, Pacific Ocean.

The Allies "won" World War I by simply outlasting the Central Powers. Germany was fighting a two front war for most of the conflict, an was bled by a long, grinding, attrition style of trench warfare that took millions of her young men. ... Then they started in on the trench warfare.


They suffered great losses and had internal conflicts causing them to leave the war.

Airplanes, products of the new technology, were primarily made of canvas, wood, and wire. At first they were used only to observe enemy troops. As their effectiveness became apparent, both sides shot planes down withartillery from the ground and with rifles, pistols, and machine guns from other planes.

----The total number of military and civilian casualties in World War I was more than 41 million: there were over 18 million deaths and 23 million wounded, ranking it among the deadliest conflicts in human history.

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Section 4:
The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918 speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson.

Unfortunately for the Germans, Britain and more especially France wanted to punish Germany; this was a key aim of the treaty signed on 28 June 1919. Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles (see above) dictated by the Allies, Germany had to accept responsibility for the war.



Advantages
Brought Peace to Europe
Set up the League of Nations (a peace keeping organisation)
Restored countries boundaries and gave them a more individual identity
Demilitarisation of Germany gave the surrounding countries a feeling of security as there was no imminent threat
45 countries signed so it was agreed on by many
Gave independance to Poland Czechoslovakia and Hungary
Disavanages
Didn't make the L of N very strong as it had no armed forces and so had little authority to carry out decisions
The treaty left the German people very weak and helpless, so they resented it.
Reparations were very high and Britain believed they could stop trade with Germany
USA did not join the L of N so it didn't have much power
No one person out of the big three got their way, so this caused oppositions
Germans saw it as a Diktat - they had no say in it and felt it was imposed on them unfairly.

The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.

The League of Nations was thought up by Woodrow Wilson, the American President during the First World War. It was to be a group of nations that worked together to keep peace. One of the reasons for its downfall was that, after a vote, the American public refused to join.

666666

The fear of communism, known as the Red Scare, led to a national witch hunt for suspected communistsupporters, which was known as McCarthyism.

Specific Effects of World War 1: WW1 caused the downfall of four monarchies: Germany, Turkey, Austria-Hungary and Russia. ... Due to the cruel methods used during the war and the losses suffered,WW1 caused a lot of bitterness among nations, which also greatly contributed to WW1 decades later.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Vocabulary Sec 1:
Militarism - the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
Triple Allience - The Triple Alliance was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
Kaiser Wilhelm II - Wilhelm II was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.
Triple Entente - The Triple Entente (from French entente [ɑ̃tɑ̃t] "friendship, understanding, agreement") refers to the understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-RussianEntente on 31 August 1907.


Vocabulary Section 2 :
Schlieffen Plan - Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen, the Chief of the Imperial Army German General Staff from 1891 to 1906, devised in 1905 and 1906 a deployment plan for a war-winning offensive, in a one-front war against the French Third Republic.
Central Powers - The Central Powers, consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria – hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance – was one of the two main factions during World War I.
Allies - An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called allies.
Western Front - The Western Front was the main theatre of war during the First World War.
Trench Warfare - a type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other.
Eastern Front - The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finlandagainst the Soviet Union, Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe(Baltics), and Southeast Europe (Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945.



Vocabulary Section 3 :
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare - Unrestricted submarine warfare is a type of navalwarfare in which submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning, as opposed to attacks per prize rules (also known as "cruiser rules").
Total War - a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded.
Rationing - Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services, or an artificial restriction of demand.
Propaganda - information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
U-Boat - a German submarine used in World War I or World War II.
Zimmerman Note - The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note orZimmerman Cable) was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the prior event of the United States entering World War I against Germany.
Sinking of the RMS Lusitania - The sinking of the Cunard ocean liner RMS Lusitaniaoccurred on Friday, 7 May 1915 during the First World War, as Germany waged submarine warfare against the United Kingdom which had implemented a naval blockade of Germany. The ship was identified and torpedoed by the German U-boat U-20 and sank in 18 minutes.
Armistice - On Nov. 11, 1918, fighting in World War I came to an end following the signing of an armistice between the Allies and Germany that called for a ceasefire effective at 11 a.m.– it was on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month.


Section 4 Vocabulary :
Espionage Act - The law was extended on May 16, 1918, by the Sedition Act of 1918, actually a set of amendments to the Espionage Act, which prohibited many forms of speech, including "any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the United States.
Sedition Act - The Sedition Act of 1918 (Pub.L. 65–150, 40 Stat. 553, enacted May 16, 1918) was an Act of the United States Congress that extended the Espionage Act of 1917 to cover a broader range of offenses, notably speech and the expression of opinion that cast the government or the war effort in a negative light
Forteen Points - The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918 speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson.