bash-3.1# mount /dev/sda3 /gentoo/
bash-3.1# mount -o bind /dev /gentoo/dev
bash-3.1# mount -t proc /proc /gentoo/proc
bash-3.1# chroot /gentoo/ /bin/bash
michael-laptop / # source /etc/profile
michael-laptop / # ls -l /etc/shadow
-rw------- 1 root root 559 2010-04-16 13:18 /etc/shadow
michael-laptop / # id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),4(adm),6(disk),10(wheel),11(floppy),17(console),18(audio),19(cdrom),26(tape),83,84,86,93
michael-laptop / # passwd root
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully
michael-laptop / # ls -l /etc/shadow
-rw------- 1 root root 559 2010-04-22 20:13 /etc/shadow
michael-laptop / #

before:
root:$6$1l8CMp4E$KbfhIfSfZuGNnctoxaqC7x5zxmfmDW6Ko62v3K/F2JQIRrd2vfA1x1fzrHS1TRQ6Hw/HCfhf6MlHCYlhL.Z810:14722:0:::::

after:
root:$6$aWwP/2rx$B5sBm98k33jpDOA0i9.tRXs09mjzDQLjY5ky/zcQ7RcfODi6b9PdbdDa0IlGHI/99NuCC51Yoj9OJiyXB22iB.:14722:0:::::

############################################ CONTENTS OF /log/messages ####################################################

Apr 22 19:12:15 michael-laptop login[3416]: pam_unix(login:auth): authentication failure; logname=LOGIN uid=0 euid=0 tty=tty1 ruser= rhost=  user=root
Apr 22 19:12:18 michael-laptop login[3416]: FAILED LOGIN (1) on 'tty1' FOR `root', Authentication failure
Apr 22 19:12:34 michael-laptop login[3416]: FAILED LOGIN (2) on 'tty1' FOR `root', Authentication failure
Apr 22 19:12:42 michael-laptop login[3416]: TOO MANY LOGIN TRIES (3) on 'tty1' FOR `root'
Apr 22 19:12:42 michael-laptop login[3416]: pam_mail(login:session): pam_putenv: delete non-existent entry; MAIL
Apr 22 19:12:42 michael-laptop login[3416]: pam_unix(login:session): session closed for user root
Apr 22 19:12:54 michael-laptop login[3422]: pam_tally(login:auth): pam_get_uid; no such user
Apr 22 19:12:59 michael-laptop login[3422]: pam_unix(login:auth): check pass; user unknown
Apr 22 19:12:59 michael-laptop login[3422]: pam_unix(login:auth): authentication failure; logname=LOGIN uid=0 euid=0 tty=tty1 ruser= rhost=
Apr 22 19:13:02 michael-laptop login[3422]: FAILED LOGIN (1) on 'tty1' FOR `UNKNOWN', User not known to the underlying authentication module
Apr 22 19:13:07 michael-laptop login[3422]: pam_tally(login:auth): pam_get_uid; no such user
Apr 22 19:13:19 michael-laptop login[3422]: pam_unix(login:auth): check pass; user unknown
Apr 22 19:13:22 michael-laptop login[3422]: FAILED LOGIN (2) on 'tty1' FOR `UNKNOWN', User not known to the underlying authentication module
Apr 22 19:13:43 michael-laptop login[3422]: pam_unix(login:auth): authentication failure; logname=LOGIN uid=0 euid=0 tty=tty1 ruser= rhost=  user=root
Apr 22 19:13:48 michael-laptop login[3422]: TOO MANY LOGIN TRIES (3) on 'tty1' FOR `root'
Apr 22 19:13:48 michael-laptop login[3422]: pam_mail(login:session): pam_putenv: delete non-existent entry; MAIL
Apr 22 19:13:48 michael-laptop login[3422]: pam_unix(login:session): session closed for user root
Apr 22 19:13:48 michael-laptop login[3422]: PAM 1 more authentication failure; logname=LOGIN uid=0 euid=0 tty=tty1 ruser= rhost=
Apr 22 19:13:53 michael-laptop shutdown[3424]: shutting down for system reboot
Apr 22 19:13:53 michael-laptop init: Switching to runlevel: 6
Apr 22 19:13:56 michael-laptop syslog-ng[3175]: Termination requested via signal, terminating;
Apr 22 19:13:56 michael-laptop syslog-ng[3175]: syslog-ng shutting down; version='3.1.1'
michael-laptop log #