var url = document.createElement('a');
url.href = "http://www.example.com/some/path?name=value#anchor";
var protocol = url.protocol;
var hash = url.hash;

alert('protocol: ' + protocol);
alert('hash: ' + hash);

var url = document.getElementById('myanchorid');

window.location.href = "http://www.google.com";

window.open('http://www.example.com');

<a href="http://www.google.com" id="mylink">Visit Website</a>​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

document.getElementById("mylink").href = "http://www.yahoo.com";

var x = new Location('https://joe:secret@example.com:8080/path?q=test#hash');
console.info(x.protocol);  // > 'https:'
console.info(x.hostname);  // > 'example.com'
console.info(x.port);      // > '8080'
console.info(x.pathname);  // > '/path'
console.info(x.search);    // > '?q=test'
console.info(x.hash);      // > '#hash'

x.href = 'http://www.example.org/wow'
console.info(x.protocol);  // > 'http:'
console.info(x.hostname);  // > 'www.example.org'
console.info(x.port);      // > ''
console.info(x.pathname);  // > '/wow'
console.info(x.search);    // > ''
console.info(x.hash);      // > ''

x.on('change', function(){
  console.info(this.href);
})

x.href= 'https://stackoverflow.com'  // > 'https://stackoverflow.com'

interface URL {
    hash: string;
    host: string;
    hostname: string;
    href: string;
    readonly origin: string;
    password: string;
    pathname: string;
    port: string;
    protocol: string;
    search: string;
    username: string;
    readonly searchParams: URLSearchParams;
    toString(): string;
}

var url = new URL('http://localhost:8081/route1/route2?q=test#route3/route4');

{
    hash: "#route3/route4"
    host: "localhost:8081"
    hostname: "localhost"
    href: "http://localhost:8081/route1/route2?q=test#route3/route4"
    origin: "http://localhost:8081"
    password: ""
    pathname: "/route1/route2"
    port: "8081"
    protocol: "http:"
    search: "?q=test"
    searchParams: URLSearchParams {}
    username: ""
}