f(weight)

fruits = [apple, apple, apple, apple, orange, orange, lemon]

intervals = [3, 5, 6]

public static T Random<T>(this IEnumerable<T> enumerable, Func<T, int> weightFunc)
    {
        int totalWeight = 0; // this stores sum of weights of all elements before current
        T selected = default(T); // currently selected element
        foreach (var data in enumerable)
        {
            int weight = weightFunc(data); // weight of current element
            int r = Random.Next(totalWeight + weight); // random value
            if (r >= totalWeight) // probability of this is weight/(totalWeight+weight)
                selected = data; // it is the probability of discarding last selected element and selecting current one instead
            totalWeight += weight; // increase weight sum
        }

        return selected; // when iterations end, selected is some element of sequence.
    }

+------------------------+
| fruit  | weight | csum |
+------------------------+
| apple  |   4    |   4  |
| orange |   2    |   6  |
| lemon  |   1    |   7  |
+------------------------+

double r = Random.Next() * totalSum;
for(int i = 0; i < fruit.Count; i++)
{
    if (csum[i] > r)
        return fruit[i];
}

double r = Random.Next() * totalSum;
int lowGuess = 0;
int highGuess = fruit.Count - 1;

while (highGuess >= lowGuess)
{
    int guess = (lowGuess + highGuess) / 2;
    if ( csum[guess] < r)
        lowGuess = guess + 1;
    else if ( csum[guess] - weight[guess] > r)
        highGuess = guess - 1;
    else
        return fruit[guess];
}

from random import random

def select(container, weights):
    total_weight = float(sum(weights))
    rel_weight = [w / total_weight for w in weights]

    # Probability for each element
    probs = [sum(rel_weight[:i + 1]) for i in range(len(rel_weight))]

    slot = random()
    for (i, element) in enumerate(container):
        if slot <= probs[i]:
            break

    return element

population = ['apple','orange','lemon']
weights = [4, 2, 1]

print select(population, weights)

public static Random random = new Random(DateTime.Now.Millisecond);
public int chooseWithChance(params int[] args)
    {
        /*
         * This method takes number of chances and randomly chooses
         * one of them considering their chance to be choosen.
         * e.g.
         *   chooseWithChance(0,99) will most probably (%99) return 1
         *   chooseWithChance(99,1) will most probably (%99) return 0
         *   chooseWithChance(0,100) will always return 1.
         *   chooseWithChance(100,0) will always return 0.
         *   chooseWithChance(67,0) will always return 0.
         */
        int argCount = args.Length;
        int sumOfChances = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < argCount; i++) {
            sumOfChances += args[i];
        }

        double randomDouble = random.NextDouble() * sumOfChances;

        while (sumOfChances > randomDouble)
        {
            sumOfChances -= args[argCount -1];
            argCount--;
        }

        return argCount-1;
    }

string[] fruits = new string[] { "apple", "orange", "lemon" };
int choosenOne = chooseWithChance(98,1,1);
Console.WriteLine(fruits[choosenOne]);

Console.WriteLine("Start...");
int flipCount = 100;
int headCount = 0;
int tailsCount = 0;

for (int i=0; i< flipCount; i++) {
    if (chooseWithChance(50,50) == 0)
        headCount++;
    else
        tailsCount++;
}

Console.WriteLine("Head count:"+ headCount);
Console.WriteLine("Tails count:"+ tailsCount);

Start...
Head count:52
Tails count:48