//custom function for selecting posts based on a page parent (ne' term_id)
function twk_get_children_by_id($parent_id, $post_type=MENU_CPT) {
    $args = array(
        'posts_per_page' => -1,
        'post_type' => $post_type,
        'post_parent' => $parent_id,
        'orderby' => 'menu_order',
        'order'  => 'ASC'
    );
return get_posts( $args );
}

//custom nav menu walker class for Take Action Dropdown
class twk_Walker_Nav_Menu extends Walker_Nav_Menu {

function walk( $elements, $max_depth) {

    $args = array_slice(func_get_args(), 2);
    $output = '';

    if ($max_depth < -1) //invalid parameter
        return $output;

    if (empty($elements)) //nothing to walk
        return $output;

    $id_field = $this->db_fields['id'];
    $parent_field = $this->db_fields['parent'];

    // flat display
    if ( -1 == $max_depth ) {
        $empty_array = array();
        foreach ( $elements as $e )
            $this->display_element( $e, $empty_array, 1, 0, $args, $output );
        return $output;
    }

    $top_level_elements = array();
    $children_elements  = array();
    $grandchildren_elements = array();

    foreach ( $elements as $e) {
        if ( 0 == $e->$parent_field ) {
            $top_level_elements[] = $e;
            if ( $e->type=='post_type' && $e->object == MENU_CPT ) {

                $child_posts = twk_get_children_by_id($e->object_id);

                foreach ( $child_posts as $child ) {

                    $child = wp_setup_nav_menu_item($child);
                    $child->post_type = 'nav_menu_item';
                    $child->menu_item_parent = $e->$id_field;
                    $child->object = 'custom';
                    $child->type = 'custom';
                    $child->ID = $e->$id_field.$child->ID;
                    $children_elements[ $e->$id_field ][] = $child;
                    $children_elements_classes[] = $child;
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            $children_elements[ $e->$parent_field ][] = $e;
        }
    }

    if ( empty($top_level_elements) ) {

        $first = array_slice( $elements, 0, 1 );
        $root = $first[0];

        $top_level_elements = array();
        $children_elements  = array();
        foreach ( $elements as $e) {
            if ( $root->$parent_field == $e->$parent_field ) {
                $top_level_elements[] = $e;
                if ( $e->type=='post_type' && $e->object == MENU_CPT ) {

                    $child_posts = twk_get_children_by_id($e->object_id);

                    foreach ( $child_posts as $child ) {
                        $child = wp_setup_nav_menu_item($child);
                        $child->post_type = 'nav_menu_item';
                        $child->menu_item_parent = $e->$id_field;
                        $child->object = 'custom';
                        $child->type = 'custom';
                        $child->ID = $e->$id_field.$child->ID;
                        $children_elements[ $e->$id_field ][] = $child;
                        $children_elements_classes[] = $child;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                $children_elements[ $e->$parent_field ][] = $e;
            }
        }
    }

    //assigning the classes to our dynamically populated posts
    if ( $children_elements_classes ) {
        _wp_menu_item_classes_by_context($children_elements_classes);
    }

    foreach ( $top_level_elements as $e ) {
        $this->display_element( $e, $children_elements, $max_depth, 0, $args, $output );
    }

    if ( ( $max_depth == 0 ) && count( $children_elements ) > 0 ) {
        $empty_array = array();
        foreach ( $children_elements as $orphans )
            foreach( $orphans as $op )
                $this->display_element( $op, $empty_array, 1, 0, $args, $output );
     }

     return $output;
}

/*
* START ADD WRAPPER AROUND SUB MENU
*/

public function start_lvl( &$output, $depth = 0, $args = array() ) {
    global $titleParent;

    // GET VARIOUS OTHER THINGS
    // $pageid = get_post_meta( $item->ID, '_menu_item_object_id', true );
    // $background = get_field('background_color', $pageid);
    $indent  = str_repeat( 't', $depth );

    $output .= "n";
    $output .= $indent;
    $output .= "<div class='sub-menu sub-menu--level-" . $depth . "'>";
    $output .= "<a class='sub-menu__link' href='";
    $output .= get_permalink( get_page_by_title( $titleParent ) );
    $output .= "'>";
    $output .= "<h3 class='title'>";
    $output .= $titleParent;
    $output .= "</h3>";
    $output .= "</a>";
    $output .= "<ul class='sub-menu__item-container has-columns'>";
}

public function end_lvl( &$output, $depth = 0, $args = array() ) {
    $indent = str_repeat("t", $depth);
    $output .= "$indent";
    $output .= "</ul>";
    $output .= "</div>";
    $output .= "n";
}





public function start_el( &$output, $item, $depth = 0, $args = array(), $id = 0 ) {
    if ( isset( $args->item_spacing ) && 'discard' === $args->item_spacing ) {
        $t = '';
        $n = '';
    } else {
        $t = "t";
        $n = "n";
    }
    $indent = ( $depth ) ? str_repeat( $t, $depth ) : '';

    $classes = empty( $item->classes ) ? array() : (array) $item->classes;
    $classes[] = 'menu-item-' . $item->ID;

    $args = apply_filters( 'nav_menu_item_args', $args, $item, $depth );



    // JJ - adding 'menu-item-has-children' class if applicable
    $itemChildren = get_pages( array( 'child_of' => $item->object_id ) );
    $itemHasChildren = (count( $itemChildren ) > 0) ? true : false;
    $itemHasChildrenClass = ($itemHasChildren === true) ? ' menu-item-has-children' : '';



    $class_names = join( ' ', apply_filters( 'nav_menu_css_class', array_filter( $classes ), $item, $args, $depth ) );
    $class_names = $class_names ? ' class="' . esc_attr( $class_names ) . $itemHasChildrenClass . '"' : '';

    $id = apply_filters( 'nav_menu_item_id', 'menu-item-'. $item->ID, $item, $args, $depth );
    $id = $id ? ' id="' . esc_attr( $id ) . '"' : '';

    $output .= $indent . '<li' . $id . $class_names . '>';

    $atts = array();
    $atts['title']  = ! empty( $item->attr_title ) ? $item->attr_title : '';
    $atts['target'] = ! empty( $item->target )     ? $item->target     : '';
    $atts['rel']    = ! empty( $item->xfn )        ? $item->xfn        : '';
    $atts['href']   = ! empty( $item->url )        ? $item->url        : '';

    $atts = apply_filters( 'nav_menu_link_attributes', $atts, $item, $args, $depth );

    $attributes = '';
    foreach ( $atts as $attr => $value ) {
        if ( ! empty( $value ) ) {
            $value = ( 'href' === $attr ) ? esc_url( $value ) : esc_attr( $value );
            $attributes .= ' ' . $attr . '="' . $value . '"';
        }
    }

    /** This filter is documented in wp-includes/post-template.php */
    $title = apply_filters( 'the_title', $item->title, $item->ID );

    $title = apply_filters( 'nav_menu_item_title', $title, $item, $args, $depth );


    // JJ - check if page redirects to an external link
    $openInNewTab = '';
    $pagePostMeta = get_post_meta( $item->object_id );

    if (array_key_exists('_redirector', $pagePostMeta)) {
        if (strpos($pagePostMeta['_redirector'][0], 'url') !== false) {
            $openInNewTab = 'target="_blank"';
        } else {
            $openInNewTab = '';
        }

    }



    $item_output = $args->before;
    $item_output .= '<a'. $attributes . ' ' . $openInNewTab . '>';
    $item_output .= $args->link_before . $title . $args->link_after;
    $item_output .= '</a>';
    $item_output .= $args->after;

    $output .= apply_filters( 'walker_nav_menu_start_el', $item_output, $item, $depth, $args );
}

}