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  1. 9.9 Suppose you are given the following axioms:
  2. 1. 0 ≤ 3.
  3. 2. 7 ≤ 9.
  4. 3.∀x x≤x.
  5. 4.∀x x≤x+0.
  6. 5.∀x x+0≤x.
  7. 6.∀x,y x+y≤y+x.
  8. 7.∀w,x,y,z w≤y∧x≤z ⇒ w+x≤y+z.
  9. 8.∀x,y,z x≤y∧y≤z ⇒ x≤z
  10.  
  11. Give a backward-chaining proof of the sentence 7 ≤ 3 + 9. (Be sure, of course, to use only the axioms given here, not anything else you may know about arithmetic.) Show only the steps that leads to success, not the irrelevant steps.
  12.  
  13. Query: 7 ≤ 3 + 9
  14. 7: w=0, x=7, y=3, z=9
  15. 0 ≤ 3 ^ 7 ≤ 9 => 0 + 7 ≤ 3 + 9
  16. Goal: 0 ≤ 3 ^ 7 ≤ 9
  17. 1: 0 ≤ 3 == True
  18. Goal: True ^ 7 ≤ 9
  19. 2: 7 ≤ 9 == True
  20. True ^ True => (0 + 7 ≤ 3 + 9 == True)

  21.  
  22. Give a forward-chaining proof of the sentence 7 ≤ 3 + 9. Again, show only the steps that lead to success. 

  23.  
  24. Query: 7 ≤ 3 + 9
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